Prlhr

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 pVTA gene expression Prlhr 0.09 0.06 2.5e-03 0.07 0.02 0 0.03 5.1e-04 5.8e-02 3.2e-01 2.3e-02
2 NAcc gene expression Prlhr 0.17 0.09 2.7e-12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 1.9e-12 5.9e-13 1.1e-13 1.6e-13
3 Brain gene expression Prlhr 0.03 0.02 9.5e-03 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 3.1e-02 1.4e-02 1.1e-01 2.6e-02
4 PL gene expression Prlhr 0.05 0.03 1.3e-03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 9.9e-03 4.5e-03 4.4e-03 6.1e-03

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4
Bone: apparent density6.210.412.83.6-3.13.2-2.9
Area under the delay curve0.90.92.7-0.10.4-0.91.6
BMI with tail30.599.0152.912.4-12.08.7-4.8
BMI without tail19.640.458.67.7-7.56.0-3.3
Body weight28.9121.0178.113.3-13.29.8-5.9
Weight adjusted by age3.84.36.52.5-2.52.0-0.7
Bone surface4.27.510.33.2-2.72.8-2.1
Bone volume6.911.716.74.1-3.83.2-2.3
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session1.41.52.71.1-1.61.3-0.7
Number of licking bursts0.40.50.90.3-0.20.9-1.0
Context. condit. distance diff. score0.20.20.40.60.10.6-0.5
Locomotion velocity, session 11.51.63.2-1.61.8-0.80.4
Locomotion distance, session 12.73.54.5-1.72.1-2.01.6
Locomotion velocity, session 21.41.72.1-1.51.4-1.31.0
Locomotion distance, session 20.20.30.80.9-0.7-0.10.4
Locomotion velocity, session 31.82.12.9-1.71.7-1.40.9
Locomotion distance, session 30.90.91.5-1.11.2-0.90.5
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 31.31.52.3-1.10.9-1.51.3
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 31.92.22.9-1.41.1-1.71.7
Locomotion velocity, session 70.00.00.10.20.10.3-0.1
Locomotion distance, session 71.11.41.91.4-1.11.2-1.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 71.31.52.0-1.11.3-1.01.4
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 71.92.32.7-1.41.6-1.31.6
Locomotion velocity, session 80.60.71.7-0.91.3-0.1-0.6
Locomotion distance, session 80.20.30.50.30.50.4-0.7
Degree of sensitization distance3.73.84.52.1-2.12.0-1.5
Degree of sensitization stereotypy0.50.61.2-0.40.8-0.51.1
Conditioned locomotion0.20.30.3-0.60.5-0.60.4
Cocaine response after cond. corrected1.21.32.6-1.21.0-1.60.7
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected1.61.83.1-1.81.4-1.40.2
Cocaine response before conditioning0.80.91.8-0.70.51.0-1.4
Saline control response1.21.62.3-1.30.8-1.51.3
Bone: connectivity density1.32.02.61.5-1.01.6-1.5
Bone: cortical apparent density6.28.210.8-3.33.1-3.11.7
Bone: cortical area11.817.726.45.0-5.13.8-2.2
Bone: cortical porosity1.92.12.71.5-1.61.5-1.1
Bone: cortical porosity2.62.83.81.8-1.91.7-1.1
Bone: cortical thickness7.111.720.44.1-4.52.8-1.4
Bone: cortical thickness3.84.410.42.5-3.20.90.2
Bone: cortical tissue density6.89.012.0-3.53.3-3.21.7
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.50.51.40.10.60.5-1.2
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.70.82.2-0.91.5-0.1-0.3
Condit. Reinf. active responses2.93.64.72.1-1.41.8-2.2
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses6.57.710.03.2-3.02.4-2.4
Incentive salience index mean0.50.61.60.60.20.7-1.3
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.30.40.80.8-0.20.5-0.9
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses2.02.43.51.5-1.41.9-1.3
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio1.31.32.01.2-1.31.4-0.5
Condit. Reinf. active responses3.34.55.52.3-2.02.4-1.8
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses1.72.12.61.6-1.11.6-1.4
Condit. Reinf. lever presses2.94.05.02.2-2.21.9-1.6
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received2.53.54.51.9-1.62.1-1.9
Conditioned reinforcement - actives5.25.29.4-2.83.1-1.80.5
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives0.10.10.2-0.30.0-0.2-0.4
Conditioned locomotion2.53.06.2-2.12.5-1.3-0.3
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec5.18.213.33.6-3.62.3-1.1
Patch foraging indifference point AUC0.30.41.20.4-1.1-0.00.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.30.30.50.7-0.7-0.00.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay1.21.22.4-0.51.2-0.91.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay1.11.32.8-0.40.6-1.31.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.50.41.3-0.20.2-0.61.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.70.82.2-0.30.2-0.91.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay1.01.02.3-0.50.5-1.21.5
Indifference point function ln k0.20.30.70.9-0.60.5-0.2
Indifference point function log k0.20.30.70.9-0.60.5-0.2
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec6.210.016.83.9-4.12.5-1.2
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec4.55.99.32.9-3.12.0-1.3
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec3.24.16.52.3-2.51.8-1.4
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec1.11.42.81.1-1.70.8-0.9
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec5.68.315.23.2-3.92.3-1.5
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec1.32.03.8-1.81.9-0.90.2
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec2.74.37.92.8-2.81.3-0.3
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec2.33.55.32.3-2.31.7-0.6
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.71.01.91.4-1.40.20.4
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec3.44.89.92.9-3.10.80.2
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec1.62.35.01.9-2.20.9-0.3
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock3.54.07.8-2.32.8-1.70.2
Distance traveled before self-admin3.53.75.3-1.71.3-2.22.3
Distance traveled after self-admin2.32.53.0-1.71.5-1.71.4
Extensor digitorum longus weight2.28.812.83.3-3.62.9-1.8
Bone: elastic displacement0.60.71.4-0.8-0.1-0.91.2
Bone: elastic work0.91.12.00.7-1.4-0.41.3
Bone: endosteal estimation1.63.65.62.4-2.11.8-1.1
Bone: endosteal perimeter1.63.35.92.4-2.21.5-0.3
Epididymis fat weight42.298.2139.811.8-11.59.3-5.8
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.10.10.30.2-0.00.2-0.6
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin2.12.03.80.4-0.41.9-1.9
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions0.00.00.1-0.2-0.20.20.2
Delay discount exponential model param1.11.13.20.2-0.41.0-1.8
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming0.20.20.30.3-0.40.6-0.5
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.90.82.30.8-1.50.30.5
Bone: final force7.111.418.74.3-4.32.6-1.4
Bone: final moment7.912.820.04.5-4.52.9-1.6
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period0.60.70.80.7-0.80.9-0.8
Glucose3.14.76.72.5-2.62.4-0.7
Heart weight5.78.013.43.7-3.32.7-0.8
Delay discount hyperbolic model param1.21.33.50.3-0.41.1-1.9
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.00.00.1-0.40.10.2-0.0
Intermittent access intake escalation0.10.10.2-0.40.2-0.30.3
Intermittent access intake escalation 20.10.10.20.1-0.10.5-0.4
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses1.71.83.41.2-1.91.3-0.8
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.60.71.80.6-1.30.10.7
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.20.20.60.20.00.2-0.8
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions0.40.50.8-0.90.8-0.60.3
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions0.60.61.1-1.00.8-0.80.4
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)0.20.30.4-0.60.5-0.50.3
Intermittent access total infusions0.80.91.4-1.21.1-0.90.3
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion1.51.62.8-1.21.2-1.70.7
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.00.00.10.2-0.30.1-0.1
Intermittent access total locomotion0.70.81.4-0.81.1-1.20.4
Intermittent access standard deviation0.40.40.9-0.80.9-0.0-0.3
Left kidney weight10.730.148.26.7-6.94.5-2.7
Right kidney weight11.532.353.57.0-7.34.4-2.8
Cocaine induced anxiety3.74.37.6-2.62.8-1.60.5
Post-drug Anxiety0.70.71.7-1.01.3-0.60.0
Baseline Anxiety2.52.74.12.0-2.01.5-0.8
Tail length0.51.62.60.9-1.31.6-1.0
Length with tail3.010.915.23.7-3.93.2-2.1
Length without tail5.812.619.04.4-4.23.1-2.1
Times rat made contact with spout1.51.72.11.4-1.41.4-1.0
Lifetime Intake1.01.11.6-1.31.2-1.10.5
Liver weight, left7.512.017.84.2-4.03.2-2.0
Liver weight, right13.822.931.95.6-5.54.5-3.1
Locomotor activity0.10.20.4-0.60.6-0.0-0.1
Locomotor testing distance0.50.91.7-1.31.0-0.80.5
Locomotor testing rearing0.81.21.7-1.30.6-1.01.3
Locomotion in novel chamber0.60.81.51.1-1.2-0.20.5
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction1.11.43.0-0.20.2-1.51.7
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 10.10.10.10.20.40.40.2
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task2.01.92.31.2-1.51.3-1.4
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 10.10.10.1-0.20.40.1-0.3
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 10.60.71.30.1-0.51.0-1.1
Total resting periods, locomotor time 10.40.50.80.1-0.50.9-0.9
Rest time, locomotor task time 10.10.10.30.3-0.50.3-0.4
Distance moved, locomotor task time 10.40.41.0-0.20.2-0.81.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.60.61.1-0.30.5-1.01.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 20.80.81.51.2-1.10.6-0.5
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 20.50.61.3-1.20.7-0.60.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 20.70.71.7-1.30.7-0.70.4
Rest time, locomotor task time 20.50.61.3-1.10.8-0.50.3
Distance moved, locomotor task time 20.20.20.60.8-0.60.0-0.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.20.30.60.8-0.50.2-0.4
Light reinforcement 10.00.10.10.1-0.4-0.30.1
Light reinforcement 20.30.41.0-0.71.0-0.20.0
Bone: marrow area1.94.16.32.5-2.21.9-1.1
Bone: maximum diameter5.910.815.03.9-3.63.3-2.1
Bone: maximum force6.711.619.14.4-4.12.8-1.7
Bone: maximum moment7.412.719.84.5-4.33.0-1.9
Mean time between licks in bursts1.21.74.30.5-0.21.5-2.1
Mean num. licks in bursts0.20.30.40.6-0.7-0.10.5
Cd content in liver0.40.41.6-0.20.20.4-1.2
Co content in liver0.30.30.70.8-0.70.1-0.3
Cu content in liver0.10.10.30.4-0.6-0.0-0.1
Fe content in liver0.10.10.10.4-0.20.2-0.3
K content in liver0.00.00.2-0.1-0.4-0.20.1
Mg content in liver0.50.51.0-0.5-0.1-0.81.0
Mn content in liver0.20.20.80.5-0.90.10.0
Na content in liver0.40.41.10.5-1.10.30.5
Rb content in liver1.31.62.0-1.31.1-1.41.2
Se content in liver0.20.20.3-0.50.5-0.40.5
Sr content in liver7.16.57.3-2.52.4-2.72.6
Zn content in liver1.01.12.2-0.50.1-1.41.5
Bone: minimum diameter5.29.613.83.7-3.73.0-1.6
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.60.50.91.0-0.80.40.6
Time in novel zone, hab. session 11.71.63.3-1.61.8-0.5-0.6
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.40.51.30.10.1-0.91.1
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 10.00.10.10.10.20.2-0.4
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.10.20.30.4-0.10.4-0.6
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 21.01.02.10.20.41.3-1.4
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.50.51.2-0.2-0.0-0.91.1
Total zone transitions, hab. session 20.20.20.60.2-0.2-0.50.8
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 20.50.71.11.1-0.90.8-0.5
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 20.50.71.21.1-1.00.7-0.3
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.60.71.60.5-0.10.9-1.3
Novelty place preference0.40.41.00.20.10.7-1.0
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.90.92.00.50.11.2-1.4
Total zone transitions, NPP test0.60.81.51.2-1.20.5-0.3
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.60.81.41.2-1.00.7-0.6
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.40.61.50.9-1.20.2-0.3
Intraocular pressure0.91.31.91.0-0.71.3-1.4
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin0.20.20.4-0.50.6-0.0-0.5
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.20.20.6-0.20.20.1-0.8
Parametrial fat weight29.056.577.78.7-8.87.1-4.7
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.50.71.5-1.20.9-0.50.1
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency1.21.52.21.5-1.21.2-0.9
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts3.03.24.42.1-1.62.0-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. index score1.62.03.01.7-1.41.4-1.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score1.31.62.41.6-1.31.3-0.8
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts1.01.12.11.5-1.11.0-0.4
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number1.72.22.7-1.61.3-1.51.3
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries3.74.56.22.5-2.51.8-1.6
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.1.92.33.41.8-1.51.6-1.2
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.91.22.11.5-1.11.0-0.5
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency3.34.45.1-2.11.9-2.12.3
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.10.10.20.20.40.5-0.4
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts1.11.51.91.2-1.01.2-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. index score1.21.52.01.3-0.91.3-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. latency score1.31.62.01.3-1.11.3-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts1.92.53.01.7-1.41.5-1.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.10.10.3-0.60.1-0.20.3
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries2.73.67.72.0-2.81.4-0.8
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.70.91.11.0-0.70.9-1.1
Pavlov. Cond. response bias1.82.43.71.5-1.01.7-1.9
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.60.71.2-0.60.9-0.71.1
Time in closed arm after self-admin0.90.91.3-1.01.2-0.90.8
Time in open arm before self-admin1.11.21.7-1.31.3-1.10.6
Time in open arm after self-admin0.40.50.7-0.50.70.7-0.8
Bone: periosteal estimation7.114.822.24.7-4.63.5-2.0
Bone: periosteal perimeter6.711.117.74.1-4.22.9-1.1
Bone: post-yield work3.14.35.62.4-1.82.2-1.9
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses1.01.11.6-1.30.9-1.20.7
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint1.11.21.7-1.30.9-1.20.9
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses0.10.10.3-0.2-0.4-0.1-0.6
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses0.20.20.50.1-0.2-0.50.7
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint0.20.20.30.2-0.5-0.40.6
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses0.40.40.60.5-0.70.5-0.8
Incentive Sensitization - Responses0.50.51.01.0-1.00.30.1
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint0.50.51.01.0-0.90.4-0.0
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.20.20.4-0.3-0.30.3-0.6
Progressive ratio3.54.05.7-2.42.1-2.11.4
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock5.66.810.4-3.23.1-2.31.3
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.00.00.10.20.00.2-0.3
Retroperitoneal fat weight45.2148.5221.714.9-14.411.1-6.4
Reaction time number correct0.10.10.30.6-0.40.3-0.2
Reaction time mean minus median0.70.92.2-0.40.2-1.01.5
Reaction time mean minus median AUC2.33.06.9-1.00.7-1.92.6
Reaction time num false alarms1.01.42.61.6-1.11.0-0.7
Reaction time num false alarms AUC0.91.22.71.6-1.10.9-0.4
Reaction time trials correct on left0.10.10.30.6-0.40.3-0.2
Reaction time trials on left0.10.10.30.6-0.40.3-0.2
Reaction time mean3.75.15.9-2.22.1-2.42.4
Reaction time mean AUC4.76.37.4-2.42.3-2.72.6
Median of all reaction times4.46.06.9-2.42.4-2.62.5
Reaction time omissions0.00.00.1-0.30.3-0.0-0.1
Reaction time false alarm rate0.71.02.01.4-0.90.9-0.5
Reaction time premature initiation rate0.20.30.80.20.0-0.60.9
Reaction time premature initiations0.20.20.50.5-0.3-0.30.7
Std. dev. reaction times0.60.82.0-0.40.4-0.91.4
Reaction time trials completed0.10.10.30.6-0.40.3-0.2
Reaction time trials AUC0.30.40.70.8-0.60.6-0.4
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females0.20.20.3-0.60.4-0.50.4
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males1.31.32.0-1.20.6-1.41.2
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway1.11.22.9-1.71.2-0.60.5
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.10.10.5-0.70.30.10.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M1.51.42.2-1.51.2-1.10.9
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts0.40.51.1-0.20.80.3-1.1
Total sessions with >9 infusions0.40.51.3-0.4-0.1-1.20.5
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses0.70.82.70.2-0.50.4-1.6
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses4.04.58.42.3-2.91.5-1.3
Short access day 1 total infusions0.30.30.8-0.50.3-0.90.1
Short access day 10 total infusions2.42.74.0-2.02.0-1.50.9
Short access total infusions1.41.62.4-1.41.2-1.50.9
Short access day 1 locomotion0.30.30.8-0.4-0.3-0.90.4
Short access day 10 total locomotion0.40.40.6-0.60.8-0.70.4
Short access total locomotion2.42.54.8-1.11.0-2.21.7
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.20.30.6-0.80.3-0.1-0.6
Compulsive drug intake1.51.52.20.9-1.21.2-1.5
One hour access (shock baseline)1.01.12.0-1.41.2-1.00.4
Social response proportion1.51.72.61.6-1.01.1-1.3
Social responses3.44.36.12.5-2.22.0-1.5
Social time0.00.00.00.1-0.20.10.1
Soleus weight2.16.013.23.1-3.61.20.1
Bone: stiffness2.94.68.12.8-2.51.7-1.1
Tibialis anterior weight0.31.01.41.1-1.20.9-0.9
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin1.51.52.11.1-1.11.2-1.5
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin0.30.30.40.7-0.50.6-0.1
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin2.01.92.9-1.31.0-1.71.4
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin1.31.41.81.1-1.01.2-1.3
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.50.51.70.4-0.5-0.01.3
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA6.25.67.22.4-1.92.7-2.4
Tibia length0.41.01.91.4-1.10.8-0.5
Ambulatory time before self-admin2.02.13.2-1.30.8-1.71.8
Ambulatory time after self-admin2.52.83.9-2.01.5-1.81.2
Bone: tissue strength0.30.30.7-0.70.8-0.2-0.2
Total heroin consumption2.53.05.62.0-2.41.5-0.2
Bone: trabecular number3.35.16.22.5-2.42.3-1.9
Bone: trabecular spacing2.43.15.9-2.32.4-1.10.2
Bone: trabecular thickness10.812.921.14.3-4.63.1-1.7
Bone: trabecular tissue density1.01.32.8-1.31.7-1.00.1
Water consumed over 24 hours0.00.00.0-0.1-0.2-0.10.1
Number of responses in last shaping day0.30.30.5-0.60.5-0.70.1