Piwil2

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 Adipose gene expression Piwil2 0.03 0.03 5.2e-04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 7.8e-04 9.4e-04 2.0e-02 1.3e-03
2 PL gene expression Piwil2 0.02 0.03 7.1e-03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 4.1e-03 6.9e-03 6.7e-03 8.4e-03
3 NAcc gene expression Piwil2 0.02 0.02 9.0e-03 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 9.2e-03 1.2e-02 1.4e-01 3.7e-02

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3
Bone: apparent density1.22.12.2-1.5-1.51.4
Area under the delay curve0.10.10.10.40.2-0.3
BMI with tail0.41.51.51.21.2-1.2
BMI without tail0.00.00.00.10.10.1
Body weight0.73.13.21.71.8-1.8
Weight adjusted by age1.62.42.61.51.6-1.5
Bone surface0.61.11.2-1.1-1.11.0
Bone volume0.71.31.4-1.1-1.21.1
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session0.10.10.20.40.3-0.3
Number of licking bursts0.00.00.00.10.10.0
Context. condit. distance diff. score0.91.11.1-1.0-1.01.1
Locomotion velocity, session 10.20.20.30.50.5-0.4
Locomotion distance, session 10.00.00.0-0.1-0.10.2
Locomotion velocity, session 20.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.2
Locomotion distance, session 20.00.00.1-0.1-0.30.1
Locomotion velocity, session 30.50.60.70.80.7-0.7
Locomotion distance, session 30.00.00.0-0.1-0.10.2
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 30.70.80.91.00.8-0.9
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 32.52.93.01.71.7-1.7
Locomotion velocity, session 74.44.85.4-2.1-2.32.1
Locomotion distance, session 73.34.24.7-2.0-2.22.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 71.41.61.91.31.2-1.4
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 72.12.52.61.51.6-1.6
Locomotion velocity, session 80.00.00.10.0-0.30.0
Locomotion distance, session 80.71.01.1-0.9-1.11.0
Degree of sensitization distance4.64.75.2-2.1-2.32.1
Degree of sensitization stereotypy1.11.21.31.01.0-1.1
Conditioned locomotion0.00.00.0-0.2-0.20.2
Cocaine response after cond. corrected0.20.20.30.50.4-0.5
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.10.10.20.40.3-0.4
Cocaine response before conditioning0.10.20.2-0.4-0.40.4
Saline control response0.10.10.2-0.4-0.30.4
Bone: connectivity density2.43.84.0-2.0-1.91.9
Bone: cortical apparent density0.10.10.1-0.3-0.20.3
Bone: cortical area0.00.00.1-0.0-0.3-0.0
Bone: cortical porosity1.21.31.31.11.1-1.1
Bone: cortical porosity0.70.70.70.90.8-0.9
Bone: cortical thickness0.00.00.1-0.0-0.30.0
Bone: cortical thickness0.00.00.1-0.0-0.30.0
Bone: cortical tissue density0.10.10.1-0.3-0.30.3
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.40.50.60.70.6-0.7
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio2.02.22.41.61.3-1.5
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.00.00.00.10.0-0.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses2.32.83.1-1.7-1.51.7
Incentive salience index mean0.70.91.01.00.9-0.9
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.30.40.40.70.6-0.6
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.30.40.5-0.7-0.70.7
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.10.10.10.30.2-0.2
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.91.31.3-1.1-1.11.1
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses2.02.52.6-1.6-1.61.6
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.10.20.2-0.4-0.40.4
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.70.91.0-1.0-1.01.0
Conditioned reinforcement - actives1.01.71.7-1.3-1.31.3
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives3.14.64.6-2.1-2.12.1
Conditioned locomotion0.10.20.3-0.4-0.50.4
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec1.73.13.3-1.8-1.81.7
Patch foraging indifference point AUC0.30.40.50.70.7-0.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.30.40.5-0.5-0.60.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay0.20.20.3-0.4-0.50.4
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay1.51.61.71.31.3-1.3
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.20.20.30.50.4-0.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay1.81.92.11.51.3-1.3
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.2
Indifference point function ln k0.00.00.0-0.2-0.20.0
Indifference point function log k0.00.00.0-0.2-0.20.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec1.22.32.4-1.6-1.51.4
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec0.60.80.9-0.9-0.80.9
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec1.31.92.1-1.3-1.41.4
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec0.00.00.0-0.00.2-0.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec0.20.30.3-0.5-0.50.6
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec0.61.11.3-1.1-1.01.0
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.30.50.60.80.7-0.8
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec0.40.91.11.10.8-1.0
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec2.74.24.32.02.1-2.1
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.10.20.20.40.4-0.5
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec2.02.93.31.81.6-1.7
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock0.81.01.1-1.1-1.01.0
Distance traveled before self-admin0.70.91.00.91.0-1.0
Distance traveled after self-admin2.63.13.21.81.8-1.8
Extensor digitorum longus weight12.950.751.17.17.1-7.1
Bone: elastic displacement0.40.50.6-0.7-0.80.7
Bone: elastic work0.30.30.5-0.5-0.70.5
Bone: endosteal estimation0.00.10.10.30.3-0.4
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.00.10.10.20.2-0.3
Epididymis fat weight0.82.72.9-1.7-1.71.6
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin4.23.94.0-2.0-1.92.0
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin0.10.10.20.40.3-0.3
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions1.01.21.31.11.1-1.1
Delay discount exponential model param0.40.40.6-0.7-0.60.6
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming2.12.32.5-1.4-1.61.5
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.60.60.7-0.6-0.80.8
Bone: final force0.10.10.20.40.3-0.4
Bone: final moment0.10.10.10.30.1-0.4
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period0.20.30.4-0.5-0.70.6
Glucose0.00.00.0-0.0-0.00.0
Heart weight0.40.60.6-0.7-0.80.8
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.50.50.7-0.8-0.70.7
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change1.73.43.5-1.9-1.81.9
Intermittent access intake escalation1.83.63.7-1.9-1.91.9
Intermittent access intake escalation 21.51.71.8-1.3-1.31.3
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.00.00.0-0.1-0.10.1
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.00.00.1-0.2-0.10.2
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.00.10.10.20.2-0.2
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions0.00.00.00.10.0-0.0
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions1.72.52.5-1.6-1.61.6
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)1.01.41.4-1.2-1.21.2
Intermittent access total infusions1.21.41.6-1.2-1.21.2
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.00.00.0-0.0-0.10.1
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.20.40.5-0.6-0.70.6
Intermittent access total locomotion0.10.10.2-0.3-0.40.3
Intermittent access standard deviation0.10.30.3-0.5-0.50.5
Left kidney weight0.10.30.40.50.6-0.5
Right kidney weight0.00.10.20.30.4-0.3
Cocaine induced anxiety0.00.00.00.00.1-0.0
Post-drug Anxiety0.91.01.0-1.0-1.01.0
Baseline Anxiety0.40.50.5-0.7-0.70.7
Tail length0.51.92.0-1.3-1.31.4
Length with tail0.10.20.30.40.6-0.5
Length without tail2.37.47.72.62.8-2.7
Times rat made contact with spout0.50.50.6-0.7-0.70.8
Lifetime Intake0.70.91.0-0.9-1.00.9
Liver weight, left1.83.13.21.81.8-1.7
Liver weight, right0.50.80.90.90.9-0.9
Locomotor activity1.82.83.01.61.7-1.6
Locomotor testing distance0.00.00.1-0.1-0.10.2
Locomotor testing rearing0.10.20.3-0.5-0.30.5
Locomotion in novel chamber0.40.50.6-0.7-0.70.8
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction0.71.11.21.01.0-1.1
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 11.01.41.51.11.2-1.2
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task0.20.20.30.50.5-0.5
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 11.01.11.1-1.0-1.11.0
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 14.65.25.52.42.3-2.1
Total resting periods, locomotor time 14.55.05.42.32.3-2.1
Rest time, locomotor task time 11.82.22.41.51.5-1.4
Distance moved, locomotor task time 12.13.23.6-1.7-1.91.7
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.51.11.2-1.0-1.11.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 20.30.40.50.70.6-0.6
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 23.25.15.42.32.3-2.2
Total resting periods, locomotor time 23.25.65.82.42.4-2.3
Rest time, locomotor task time 20.91.21.31.11.1-1.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 23.03.64.0-1.8-2.01.8
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.40.60.7-0.7-0.80.7
Light reinforcement 12.15.35.6-2.4-2.32.2
Light reinforcement 20.91.41.6-1.2-1.31.1
Bone: marrow area0.00.00.10.20.2-0.2
Bone: maximum diameter0.30.50.70.80.6-0.8
Bone: maximum force0.20.40.50.70.4-0.7
Bone: maximum moment0.10.20.30.50.2-0.6
Mean time between licks in bursts1.12.83.1-1.6-1.81.6
Mean num. licks in bursts0.30.40.4-0.6-0.70.6
Cd content in liver1.11.21.31.11.1-1.1
Co content in liver5.05.75.92.42.4-2.4
Cu content in liver0.40.40.50.70.6-0.6
Fe content in liver1.62.02.0-1.4-1.41.4
K content in liver1.21.11.2-1.1-1.11.1
Mg content in liver2.72.82.8-1.7-1.71.7
Mn content in liver2.52.82.8-1.7-1.71.7
Na content in liver0.91.01.01.01.0-1.0
Rb content in liver0.00.00.0-0.2-0.20.2
Se content in liver1.01.21.2-1.1-1.11.1
Sr content in liver0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.2
Zn content in liver0.10.20.2-0.4-0.40.4
Bone: minimum diameter0.10.20.30.50.3-0.5
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.00.00.00.10.0-0.2
Time in novel zone, hab. session 11.31.31.51.11.2-1.1
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.20.20.30.60.4-0.5
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 10.00.00.00.0-0.10.1
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.10.10.1-0.3-0.40.4
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 22.02.12.21.51.4-1.5
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.70.70.8-0.9-0.80.9
Total zone transitions, hab. session 21.41.81.91.31.4-1.3
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 20.20.30.40.60.6-0.5
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 20.60.80.80.90.9-0.8
Novel to familiar place preference ratio1.51.71.7-1.3-1.31.3
Novelty place preference1.21.31.3-1.2-1.11.1
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.60.70.7-0.8-0.80.8
Total zone transitions, NPP test0.10.20.2-0.4-0.40.5
Total locomotion distance, NPP test2.53.53.7-1.9-1.81.9
Locomotion velocity, NPP test2.43.43.6-1.8-1.81.9
Intraocular pressure0.60.80.9-0.9-1.00.8
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin3.23.43.81.91.8-1.8
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin2.93.63.71.91.9-1.8
Parametrial fat weight1.74.14.3-2.1-1.92.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.00.00.0-0.00.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.2
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts1.11.21.31.21.0-1.1
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.10.10.10.30.2-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.00.00.00.20.1-0.2
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.1
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.40.50.5-0.7-0.70.7
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.10.10.1-0.4-0.30.4
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.20.20.30.50.4-0.5
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.20.20.20.40.4-0.4
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.40.60.7-0.8-0.80.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.00.10.1-0.2-0.10.3
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts1.22.02.11.41.4-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.50.60.70.80.9-0.7
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.30.40.50.60.7-0.6
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.20.30.40.60.6-0.5
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.00.00.00.1-0.1-0.2
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries5.27.98.0-2.8-2.82.8
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.60.80.90.91.0-0.8
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.30.40.40.60.6-0.5
Time in closed arm before self-admin1.51.92.21.41.3-1.5
Time in closed arm after self-admin0.00.00.00.10.1-0.2
Time in open arm before self-admin0.00.00.0-0.10.10.1
Time in open arm after self-admin0.00.00.1-0.0-0.10.2
Bone: periosteal estimation0.00.10.10.20.1-0.3
Bone: periosteal perimeter0.00.00.00.20.2-0.2
Bone: post-yield work0.20.20.3-0.4-0.60.4
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses0.10.10.10.40.3-0.3
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint0.20.20.20.40.4-0.4
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses0.81.11.2-1.1-1.01.1
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.2
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint0.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.1
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses0.30.40.4-0.6-0.70.6
Incentive Sensitization - Responses0.20.30.3-0.5-0.60.6
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint0.30.40.5-0.7-0.70.7
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.10.10.1-0.2-0.10.3
Progressive ratio0.00.10.10.20.3-0.1
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock2.12.62.81.71.5-1.6
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.60.91.10.90.8-1.0
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.10.30.4-0.6-0.50.6
Reaction time number correct0.50.91.01.00.9-1.0
Reaction time mean minus median0.10.10.20.20.5-0.4
Reaction time mean minus median AUC0.00.10.10.10.4-0.3
Reaction time num false alarms0.10.10.20.20.4-0.4
Reaction time num false alarms AUC0.10.10.10.10.3-0.4
Reaction time trials correct on left0.50.91.01.00.9-1.0
Reaction time trials on left0.40.70.80.90.8-0.8
Reaction time mean0.10.20.30.40.5-0.4
Reaction time mean AUC0.30.40.50.60.7-0.6
Median of all reaction times0.10.20.20.40.4-0.4
Reaction time omissions1.72.52.9-1.7-1.51.6
Reaction time false alarm rate0.10.10.2-0.4-0.20.2
Reaction time premature initiation rate1.92.73.01.51.7-1.6
Reaction time premature initiations2.13.84.01.92.0-2.0
Std. dev. reaction times0.10.20.30.20.5-0.4
Reaction time trials completed0.40.70.80.90.8-0.8
Reaction time trials AUC0.30.60.70.80.7-0.8
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females3.03.03.2-1.7-1.81.7
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males1.91.92.01.41.3-1.4
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.50.50.60.60.8-0.8
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F1.31.51.71.21.2-1.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M0.10.00.1-0.3-0.00.3
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts1.31.81.9-1.3-1.41.3
Total sessions with >9 infusions0.00.00.10.30.1-0.2
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses0.10.10.1-0.3-0.30.4
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.10.20.2-0.5-0.30.5
Short access day 1 total infusions0.00.10.10.30.2-0.3
Short access day 10 total infusions0.30.40.50.70.5-0.6
Short access total infusions0.00.00.10.30.1-0.2
Short access day 1 locomotion0.91.11.11.11.0-1.0
Short access day 10 total locomotion0.00.00.0-0.00.20.1
Short access total locomotion0.10.20.20.40.4-0.4
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.60.70.8-0.9-0.80.9
Compulsive drug intake0.60.70.8-0.9-0.70.9
One hour access (shock baseline)0.00.00.00.0-0.0-0.0
Social response proportion0.10.10.10.30.2-0.4
Social responses1.01.41.4-1.1-1.21.2
Social time0.30.40.4-0.6-0.70.6
Soleus weight1.23.63.81.91.9-1.9
Bone: stiffness0.61.01.21.10.9-1.1
Tibialis anterior weight8.428.429.05.35.4-5.3
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin1.01.01.0-1.0-1.01.0
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin1.31.81.91.41.3-1.4
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin2.72.83.1-1.7-1.61.8
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin2.52.62.8-1.7-1.61.6
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.30.30.30.50.5-0.5
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.00.00.1-0.2-0.30.1
Tibia length1.33.64.2-1.8-2.11.8
Ambulatory time before self-admin0.20.30.30.50.6-0.6
Ambulatory time after self-admin5.46.36.42.52.5-2.5
Bone: tissue strength0.00.00.1-0.2-0.20.2
Total heroin consumption0.60.70.80.90.8-0.8
Bone: trabecular number2.23.63.8-2.0-1.91.9
Bone: trabecular spacing2.33.03.11.71.8-1.7
Bone: trabecular thickness1.21.41.6-1.2-1.31.2
Bone: trabecular tissue density1.31.92.01.41.3-1.4
Water consumed over 24 hours1.31.81.91.41.3-1.3
Number of responses in last shaping day0.60.60.70.80.7-0.8