Pelo

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 pVTA gene expression Pelo 0.13 0.09 3.0e-03 0.1 0.06 0.06 0.07 3.4e-05 1.2e-03 1.6e-03 4.0e-04
2 Brain gene expression Pelo 0.05 0.03 2.4e-04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 1.1e-03 2.3e-04 2.3e-04 3.4e-04
3 PL gene expression Pelo 0.06 0.03 1.2e-07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 6.0e-08 5.4e-08 7.0e-08 9.3e-08

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3
Bone: apparent density3.15.27.5-2.41.42.7
Area under the delay curve0.40.41.20.3-0.1-1.1
BMI with tail0.51.52.6-1.60.31.4
BMI without tail3.77.612.2-3.52.02.6
Body weight1.97.910.7-2.92.23.3
Weight adjusted by age0.20.20.40.60.40.1
Bone surface1.22.24.5-1.40.42.1
Bone volume0.91.63.2-1.20.21.8
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session0.10.20.20.50.5-0.2
Number of licking bursts0.10.10.2-0.10.4-0.3
Context. condit. distance diff. score0.30.40.90.0-0.90.5
Locomotion velocity, session 10.20.20.40.5-0.6-0.1
Locomotion distance, session 11.01.33.1-0.8-0.11.8
Locomotion velocity, session 20.91.02.1-0.71.50.7
Locomotion distance, session 20.81.12.3-1.00.11.5
Locomotion velocity, session 30.60.71.9-0.21.40.1
Locomotion distance, session 30.00.00.00.10.20.1
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 34.75.68.6-2.42.91.6
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 32.22.75.1-1.52.30.8
Locomotion velocity, session 70.10.10.20.2-0.2-0.5
Locomotion distance, session 70.70.91.70.8-0.6-1.3
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 70.70.81.1-0.91.00.7
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 71.21.41.9-1.11.41.0
Locomotion velocity, session 80.91.11.71.3-1.1-0.6
Locomotion distance, session 80.71.02.00.1-1.41.0
Degree of sensitization distance0.50.50.70.7-0.5-0.9
Degree of sensitization stereotypy0.20.20.4-0.60.40.4
Conditioned locomotion0.50.60.9-0.61.00.6
Cocaine response after cond. corrected1.21.32.4-1.60.71.0
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.10.10.2-0.4-0.2-0.3
Cocaine response before conditioning5.97.18.52.8-2.3-2.9
Saline control response0.10.20.30.6-0.1-0.4
Bone: connectivity density3.25.17.0-2.41.62.7
Bone: cortical apparent density6.28.110.62.8-2.5-3.3
Bone: cortical area0.10.10.2-0.3-0.30.5
Bone: cortical porosity1.41.62.1-1.31.01.4
Bone: cortical porosity1.01.01.3-1.20.71.1
Bone: cortical thickness0.71.11.60.9-1.3-0.9
Bone: cortical thickness2.32.73.91.6-1.2-2.0
Bone: cortical tissue density5.97.810.32.7-2.4-3.2
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses1.41.62.11.2-1.4-1.1
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio1.51.62.01.3-1.1-1.4
Condit. Reinf. active responses1.41.72.51.1-1.6-1.1
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.60.71.70.5-1.3-0.4
Incentive salience index mean0.30.41.10.3-1.0-0.1
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.50.71.1-0.9-0.51.1
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses2.43.03.92.0-1.9-1.2
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio2.02.13.11.7-1.7-0.7
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.50.81.11.0-0.9-0.7
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.10.10.4-0.10.2-0.6
Condit. Reinf. lever presses5.98.010.23.2-3.0-2.2
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received1.42.02.71.6-1.4-1.2
Conditioned reinforcement - actives0.00.00.10.40.1-0.1
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives0.40.50.60.8-0.6-0.7
Conditioned locomotion0.00.00.10.10.1-0.3
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec1.72.84.01.9-2.0-1.0
Patch foraging indifference point AUC0.40.50.8-0.60.90.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.20.20.50.40.3-0.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay0.30.30.60.2-0.8-0.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay0.30.41.1-0.01.00.1
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.10.10.2-0.40.30.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.90.92.70.20.1-1.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.20.20.3-0.50.4-0.4
Indifference point function ln k0.81.11.20.9-1.1-1.0
Indifference point function log k0.81.11.20.9-1.1-1.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec1.42.23.01.7-1.7-1.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec0.00.00.0-0.1-0.10.2
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec0.70.91.10.8-1.1-0.9
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec0.10.10.20.40.10.1
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec0.10.20.30.4-0.50.1
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec0.10.20.3-0.5-0.50.2
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.30.40.70.00.9-0.8
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec1.42.23.7-1.41.91.0
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.10.20.5-0.10.70.2
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.00.00.00.1-0.00.2
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec0.30.41.00.40.1-1.0
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock1.21.31.9-1.31.40.6
Distance traveled before self-admin0.70.81.8-0.7-0.31.4
Distance traveled after self-admin0.40.51.20.5-1.1-0.1
Extensor digitorum longus weight2.59.813.5-3.32.23.7
Bone: elastic displacement0.30.30.4-0.60.50.5
Bone: elastic work0.00.00.0-0.2-0.00.1
Bone: endosteal estimation0.91.92.6-1.60.91.5
Bone: endosteal perimeter1.83.75.6-1.91.42.4
Epididymis fat weight0.71.62.6-1.61.20.9
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.20.20.3-0.50.5-0.3
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin1.41.43.10.9-1.7-0.4
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions1.01.11.71.3-0.5-1.2
Delay discount exponential model param0.40.41.2-0.20.01.1
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming0.40.41.2-0.01.1-0.1
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.20.20.6-0.20.7-0.1
Bone: final force0.81.33.50.7-1.9-0.0
Bone: final moment0.61.02.80.4-1.70.2
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period1.01.21.91.1-1.4-0.7
Glucose0.00.00.00.2-0.1-0.2
Heart weight0.40.60.8-0.60.90.9
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.30.41.0-0.2-0.21.0
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.60.60.90.9-0.1-0.9
Intermittent access intake escalation0.80.71.11.1-0.1-1.0
Intermittent access intake escalation 21.01.01.51.2-0.4-1.1
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.30.30.50.6-0.70.2
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses1.01.01.5-1.21.00.7
Intermitt. access escalation Index3.02.74.0-1.41.42.0
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions0.30.40.6-0.60.80.4
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions0.20.20.5-0.10.7-0.4
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)0.30.30.8-0.20.9-0.1
Intermittent access total infusions0.50.51.1-0.51.10.4
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.00.00.0-0.10.10.1
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.10.20.40.1-0.0-0.7
Intermittent access total locomotion0.00.00.10.1-0.1-0.4
Intermittent access standard deviation1.51.63.11.3-0.2-1.8
Left kidney weight0.31.02.1-0.51.40.8
Right kidney weight0.20.61.60.21.20.4
Cocaine induced anxiety0.10.10.40.6-0.2-0.2
Post-drug Anxiety0.20.20.50.7-0.2-0.1
Baseline Anxiety0.10.10.2-0.40.20.1
Tail length2.67.89.8-2.73.12.5
Length with tail1.65.78.1-1.92.82.3
Length without tail0.10.20.50.70.10.1
Times rat made contact with spout1.72.03.3-1.30.91.8
Lifetime Intake0.10.10.4-0.10.60.1
Liver weight, left0.20.41.10.2-0.1-1.1
Liver weight, right2.44.05.52.1-2.3-1.6
Locomotor activity3.25.05.2-2.22.32.2
Locomotor testing distance1.83.03.7-1.91.41.8
Locomotor testing rearing0.30.50.9-1.00.60.4
Locomotion in novel chamber0.20.20.30.60.0-0.5
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction0.40.50.70.7-0.8-0.5
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 11.01.12.5-0.70.51.6
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task0.00.00.0-0.20.1-0.1
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 10.90.91.1-1.10.71.1
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 10.30.30.7-0.80.50.2
Total resting periods, locomotor time 10.20.30.5-0.70.40.2
Rest time, locomotor task time 10.20.20.30.5-0.3-0.6
Distance moved, locomotor task time 10.20.20.4-0.5-0.10.7
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.20.20.4-0.50.20.6
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 22.62.83.4-1.81.81.3
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 20.50.61.10.60.4-1.1
Total resting periods, locomotor time 20.70.71.70.70.2-1.3
Rest time, locomotor task time 22.02.32.81.2-1.6-1.7
Distance moved, locomotor task time 20.70.91.0-1.00.90.9
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.40.50.9-0.50.60.9
Light reinforcement 10.10.20.20.30.5-0.5
Light reinforcement 20.60.81.90.7-0.2-1.4
Bone: marrow area0.92.02.8-1.71.01.5
Bone: maximum diameter2.64.76.7-2.21.62.6
Bone: maximum force0.50.82.30.3-1.50.1
Bone: maximum moment0.30.61.5-0.0-1.20.4
Mean time between licks in bursts0.71.01.8-1.41.10.3
Mean num. licks in bursts0.50.61.5-0.5-0.31.2
Cd content in liver4.95.36.62.2-2.6-2.2
Co content in liver0.30.30.70.6-0.8-0.1
Cu content in liver0.60.81.70.7-0.3-1.3
Fe content in liver0.20.30.4-0.60.70.2
K content in liver0.70.61.01.0-0.90.1
Mg content in liver2.22.33.21.8-1.6-1.0
Mn content in liver1.21.32.1-1.11.40.8
Na content in liver0.20.20.50.7-0.40.1
Rb content in liver1.51.92.91.4-0.9-1.7
Se content in liver0.60.70.80.9-0.9-0.8
Sr content in liver1.41.21.4-1.11.11.2
Zn content in liver4.34.75.32.3-2.2-2.1
Bone: minimum diameter0.00.00.0-0.2-0.2-0.2
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.20.20.3-0.40.10.5
Time in novel zone, hab. session 11.31.32.4-1.21.50.1
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.91.32.71.0-1.6-0.5
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 10.20.20.4-0.2-0.50.6
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.20.30.70.1-0.80.4
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.40.40.4-0.60.70.7
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.70.60.70.7-0.8-0.9
Total zone transitions, hab. session 21.21.62.9-1.30.01.7
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 22.93.85.9-2.20.92.4
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 23.14.26.2-2.31.02.5
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.40.41.30.1-0.0-1.2
Novelty place preference0.30.31.00.00.2-1.0
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.40.41.1-0.00.3-1.1
Total zone transitions, NPP test0.30.51.0-0.4-0.51.0
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.40.61.2-0.8-0.31.1
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.30.50.9-0.6-0.40.9
Intraocular pressure0.81.12.70.60.5-1.6
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin1.01.11.51.2-0.8-1.1
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.80.91.21.1-0.7-1.0
Parametrial fat weight0.00.10.2-0.40.00.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.40.51.30.40.3-1.1
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.10.10.30.2-0.2-0.6
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.10.10.10.10.3-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.00.00.1-0.1-0.10.3
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.10.20.3-0.2-0.40.6
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.20.20.40.0-0.60.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.10.10.10.4-0.4-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.00.00.1-0.0-0.20.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.00.00.0-0.10.10.1
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.00.00.00.2-0.10.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency7.19.611.4-3.43.32.6
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency3.64.15.12.1-2.3-1.6
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts8.311.414.03.6-3.7-2.7
Pavlov. Cond. index score6.38.19.73.1-2.9-2.4
Pavlov. Cond. latency score5.87.28.83.0-2.8-2.2
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts5.77.89.23.0-2.8-2.5
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number7.49.010.7-3.33.12.7
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.60.81.4-0.91.20.6
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.6.98.710.43.2-3.1-2.5
Pavlov. Cond. response bias8.711.814.13.8-3.5-3.0
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.20.20.40.20.4-0.7
Time in closed arm after self-admin1.01.02.3-0.81.5-0.0
Time in open arm before self-admin0.20.20.5-0.20.70.3
Time in open arm after self-admin0.30.41.10.0-1.00.1
Bone: periosteal estimation0.40.81.3-1.10.31.1
Bone: periosteal perimeter1.11.92.9-1.40.81.7
Bone: post-yield work0.20.20.60.2-0.7-0.2
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses0.60.61.10.8-1.10.4
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint0.60.60.90.8-1.00.4
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses0.80.91.5-0.70.71.2
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses0.10.10.2-0.40.30.1
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint0.10.10.1-0.30.3-0.2
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses2.63.03.7-1.81.91.4
Incentive Sensitization - Responses1.21.22.2-1.21.50.2
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint1.11.11.9-1.11.40.1
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-64.54.48.3-1.42.91.7
Progressive ratio2.02.42.5-1.61.61.5
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock1.01.31.6-0.91.11.3
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.80.91.01.0-1.0-0.9
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.93.04.4-2.11.11.9
Reaction time number correct1.01.53.11.7-0.9-0.8
Reaction time mean minus median0.40.61.10.7-0.2-1.1
Reaction time mean minus median AUC1.31.72.41.3-1.0-1.5
Reaction time num false alarms1.72.33.41.8-1.7-0.9
Reaction time num false alarms AUC1.62.13.21.8-1.6-0.8
Reaction time trials correct on left1.01.53.11.7-0.9-0.8
Reaction time trials on left1.01.53.01.7-0.8-0.8
Reaction time mean0.71.02.40.4-0.6-1.5
Reaction time mean AUC0.81.12.40.5-0.8-1.6
Median of all reaction times0.60.92.10.2-0.7-1.4
Reaction time omissions0.50.71.90.3-0.0-1.4
Reaction time false alarm rate0.20.30.50.6-0.7-0.3
Reaction time premature initiation rate0.81.11.3-1.21.10.9
Reaction time premature initiations0.20.20.4-0.20.60.6
Std. dev. reaction times0.60.82.00.6-0.4-1.4
Reaction time trials completed1.01.53.01.7-0.8-0.8
Reaction time trials AUC1.01.42.81.7-0.9-0.7
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females1.51.41.91.2-1.4-1.0
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males0.20.20.3-0.40.5-0.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.10.10.3-0.50.20.1
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.20.20.50.4-0.7-0.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M1.31.31.7-1.31.30.7
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts0.81.02.00.9-0.4-1.4
Total sessions with >9 infusions0.10.10.10.30.30.0
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses3.53.95.0-1.91.82.2
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.40.40.90.9-0.5-0.2
Short access day 1 total infusions0.20.20.4-0.30.60.3
Short access day 10 total infusions0.30.40.70.9-0.4-0.5
Short access total infusions0.10.10.20.5-0.0-0.1
Short access day 1 locomotion0.20.20.50.20.4-0.7
Short access day 10 total locomotion1.92.12.91.3-1.4-1.7
Short access total locomotion0.60.60.80.9-0.6-0.8
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.10.20.40.10.4-0.6
Compulsive drug intake0.20.20.4-0.3-0.1-0.6
One hour access (shock baseline)0.10.10.10.20.4-0.0
Social response proportion0.30.30.5-0.70.70.3
Social responses0.40.50.91.0-0.7-0.4
Social time0.10.10.2-0.40.00.3
Soleus weight8.424.734.7-5.15.93.7
Bone: stiffness0.20.31.00.2-1.00.0
Tibialis anterior weight3.913.515.5-3.93.23.8
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin0.60.61.30.6-1.20.5
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin0.50.50.8-0.40.90.9
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin1.01.01.2-0.91.11.0
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin0.20.20.3-0.50.50.1
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA1.91.93.4-1.31.90.8
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.30.20.5-0.70.40.3
Tibia length0.10.20.5-0.40.70.2
Ambulatory time before self-admin1.11.22.4-1.00.11.6
Ambulatory time after self-admin0.20.20.60.3-0.7-0.2
Bone: tissue strength0.80.81.5-0.4-0.81.2
Total heroin consumption0.20.20.40.30.5-0.7
Bone: trabecular number1.93.04.8-1.90.92.2
Bone: trabecular spacing0.60.81.60.6-0.5-1.3
Bone: trabecular thickness0.10.10.2-0.1-0.30.4
Bone: trabecular tissue density1.52.12.81.7-1.2-1.4
Water consumed over 24 hours0.50.60.90.9-0.6-0.9
Number of responses in last shaping day2.12.13.01.7-1.6-0.9