All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.
| # | Tissue | Modality | RNA phenotype | h2 | h2 SE | h2 P | xQTL R2 | BLUP R2 | ENET R2 | LASSO R2 | xQTL P | BLUP P | ENET P | LASSO P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liver | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 5.9e-04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0 | 6.6e-03 | 4.9e-02 | 1.8e-02 | 6.0e-01 |
| 2 | NAcc | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 7.0e-04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 3.2e-02 | 4.2e-04 | 5.9e-04 | 1.3e-03 |
| 3 | Brain | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 7.1e-03 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.5e-01 | 6.4e-03 | 2.9e-02 | 3.9e-02 |
| 4 | Adipose | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 3.7e-05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 5.1e-05 | 5.9e-04 | 2.3e-04 | 2.0e-04 |
| 5 | OFC | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.15 | 0.1 | 2.0e-03 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 8.4e-04 | 1.8e-03 | 9.9e-03 | 1.1e-03 |
| 6 | IL | gene expression | LOC134485255 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 1.1e-03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 5.8e-02 | 7.9e-03 | 6.9e-02 | 2.2e-02 |
The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.
| Trait | Avg chi2 ratio | Avg chi2 | Max chi2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone: apparent density | 2.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | -2.1 | -2.3 | -2.3 | 2.1 | -2.1 | -2.3 |
| Area under the delay curve | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.2 | -0.8 | -1.5 | -1.4 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -1.5 |
| BMI with tail | 11.4 | 39.3 | 55.0 | -7.4 | -5.5 | -5.6 | 6.8 | -6.8 | -5.3 |
| BMI without tail | 6.1 | 18.5 | 29.1 | -5.4 | -3.7 | -3.7 | 4.6 | -4.6 | -3.5 |
| Body weight | 13.0 | 56.8 | 70.6 | -8.4 | -6.8 | -6.9 | 8.2 | -8.1 | -6.5 |
| Weight adjusted by age | 3.6 | 5.5 | 8.7 | -2.7 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 3.0 | -2.9 | -1.5 |
| Bone surface | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 1.3 | -1.3 | -1.2 |
| Bone volume | 3.8 | 6.8 | 7.5 | -2.7 | -2.5 | -2.5 | 2.7 | -2.7 | -2.4 |
| Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.8 | -0.8 | -1.7 | -1.6 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.7 |
| Number of licking bursts | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.1 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -1.4 | 0.6 | -0.6 | -1.4 |
| Context. condit. distance diff. score | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
| Locomotion velocity, session 1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | -1.8 | 1.8 | 0.6 |
| Locomotion distance, session 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | -0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Locomotion velocity, session 2 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | -1.1 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Locomotion distance, session 2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.4 | -1.6 | -1.1 | -1.2 | 1.5 | -1.5 | -1.1 |
| Locomotion velocity, session 3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| Locomotion distance, session 3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | -0.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 0.9 |
| Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.4 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
| Stereotopy head waving duration, day 3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -1.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
| Locomotion velocity, session 7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.4 | -0.2 | -0.2 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 |
| Locomotion distance, session 7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
| Stereotopy head waving duration, day 7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 0.4 | -0.4 | -0.9 |
| Locomotion velocity, session 8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Locomotion distance, session 8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
| Degree of sensitization distance | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.9 | 0.9 | -0.2 |
| Degree of sensitization stereotypy | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.7 |
| Conditioned locomotion | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Cocaine response after cond. corrected | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| Cocaine response after cond. not corrected | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | -1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
| Cocaine response before conditioning | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
| Saline control response | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | -1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Bone: connectivity density | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
| Bone: cortical apparent density | 4.3 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | -1.6 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
| Bone: cortical area | 8.6 | 13.1 | 17.5 | -4.2 | -3.6 | -3.6 | 3.4 | -3.4 | -3.5 |
| Bone: cortical porosity | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.6 |
| Bone: cortical porosity | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.9 | -0.6 | -1.3 | -1.3 | 0.6 | -0.6 | -1.4 |
| Bone: cortical thickness | 3.6 | 5.9 | 8.9 | -3.0 | -2.1 | -2.2 | 2.5 | -2.5 | -2.1 |
| Bone: cortical thickness | 1.7 | 2.0 | 4.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -0.9 |
| Bone: cortical tissue density | 4.7 | 6.4 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | -1.7 | 1.7 | 3.2 |
| Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Condit. Reinf. active responses | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.7 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -1.0 |
| Condit. Reinf. inactive responses | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.1 | -1.2 | -1.4 | -1.4 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.4 |
| Incentive salience index mean | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Condit. Reinf. lever presses | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
| Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.2 | -0.5 | -1.3 | -1.2 | -0.6 | 0.6 | -1.5 |
| Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -1.0 | 1.0 | -0.6 |
| Condit. Reinf. active responses | 1.7 | 2.4 | 4.7 | -1.2 | -2.0 | -1.9 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -2.2 |
| Condit. Reinf. inactive responses | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | -1.0 | -1.4 | -1.4 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -1.5 |
| Condit. Reinf. lever presses | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.4 | -1.2 | -1.4 | -1.3 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -1.5 |
| Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received | 1.4 | 2.0 | 3.9 | -1.1 | -1.9 | -1.8 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -2.0 |
| Conditioned reinforcement - actives | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.0 | 0.0 | -0.6 |
| Conditioned reinforcement - inactives | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.5 | -0.8 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 1.1 | -1.1 | -1.2 |
| Conditioned locomotion | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec | 2.8 | 5.1 | 6.0 | -2.4 | -2.2 | -2.2 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -2.1 |
| Patch foraging indifference point AUC | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.7 | -0.2 | -1.6 | -1.6 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.6 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.9 | -1.3 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 1.3 | -1.4 | -1.1 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | -0.1 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -1.0 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.7 | -0.8 | -1.9 | -1.8 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.9 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.6 |
| Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay | 4.1 | 4.8 | 5.8 | -1.9 | -2.4 | -2.4 | 2.0 | -1.9 | -2.4 |
| Indifference point function ln k | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Indifference point function log k | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec | 2.9 | 5.4 | 5.7 | -2.4 | -2.3 | -2.3 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -2.2 |
| Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | -1.2 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 1.3 | -1.3 | -1.8 |
| Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec | 4.3 | 6.5 | 9.0 | -1.9 | -3.0 | -3.0 | 2.1 | -2.1 | -3.0 |
| Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec | 2.6 | 4.4 | 6.9 | -1.2 | -2.6 | -2.6 | 1.6 | -1.5 | -2.6 |
| Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec | 5.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | -2.9 | -2.9 | -2.9 | 2.7 | -2.7 | -2.9 |
| Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | -1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Patch foraging water rate 0 sec | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | -0.8 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.2 | -1.2 | -0.9 |
| Patch foraging water rate 12 sec | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -1.3 | 1.3 | -1.2 | -1.3 |
| Patch foraging water rate 18 sec | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.4 |
| Patch foraging water rate 24 sec | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.1 | -2.0 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 2.0 | -2.0 | -1.6 |
| Patch foraging water rate 6 sec | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | -0.3 | 0.2 |
| Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Distance traveled before self-admin | 1.8 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 2.1 |
| Distance traveled after self-admin | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | -0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.5 | 1.0 |
| Extensor digitorum longus weight | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | -1.0 | -1.6 | -1.6 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.5 |
| Bone: elastic displacement | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 |
| Bone: elastic work | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.5 | -1.6 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 1.4 | -1.4 | -0.4 |
| Bone: endosteal estimation | 2.6 | 5.7 | 6.1 | -2.4 | -2.5 | -2.5 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -2.4 |
| Bone: endosteal perimeter | 3.8 | 8.1 | 13.0 | -3.6 | -2.7 | -2.7 | 2.6 | -2.6 | -2.7 |
| Epididymis fat weight | 13.7 | 47.0 | 51.1 | -7.2 | -6.8 | -6.8 | 6.8 | -6.7 | -6.7 |
| Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.6 |
| Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.6 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.6 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.6 |
| Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 |
| Delay discount exponential model param | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| Extinction: sum of active levers before priming | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -0.9 |
| Active lever presses in extinction session 6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 0.7 | -0.7 | -0.7 |
| Bone: final force | 1.7 | 2.8 | 5.0 | -2.2 | -1.5 | -1.5 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.4 |
| Bone: final moment | 2.5 | 4.0 | 6.3 | -2.5 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 2.0 | -2.0 | -1.8 |
| Food consumed during 24 hour testing period | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.3 |
| Glucose | 0.9 | 1.5 | 2.6 | -1.6 | -0.6 | -0.7 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -0.5 |
| Heart weight | 2.9 | 4.5 | 6.4 | -2.5 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 2.4 | -2.3 | -1.8 |
| Delay discount hyperbolic model param | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change | 1.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 | -1.8 | -1.7 | -1.6 | 2.0 | -2.1 | -1.6 |
| Intermittent access intake escalation | 1.7 | 3.4 | 4.6 | -1.7 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 2.1 | -2.1 | -1.6 |
| Intermittent access intake escalation 2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 | -1.3 | -1.3 | -1.2 | 1.5 | -1.6 | -1.2 |
| Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses | 1.4 | 5.3 | 6.9 | -1.8 | -2.6 | -2.6 | 1.9 | -2.0 | -2.6 |
| Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.5 | -0.8 | -0.8 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -0.8 |
| Intermitt. access escalation Index | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 0.2 |
| Intermittent access day 1 total infusions | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.7 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 0.6 | -0.7 | -1.2 |
| Intermittent access day 15 total infusions | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | -1.2 | -1.6 | -1.5 | 1.5 | -1.5 | -1.5 |
| Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.8 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
| Intermittent access total infusions | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | -1.1 | -1.5 | -1.5 | 1.2 | -1.3 | -1.5 |
| Intermittent access day 1 locomotion | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | -0.7 | 0.0 | -0.0 | 0.4 | -0.4 | 0.0 |
| Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion | 1.9 | 3.4 | 4.5 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -1.7 | 2.1 | -2.1 | -1.6 |
| Intermittent access total locomotion | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1.0 | -0.2 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -1.1 | -0.2 |
| Intermittent access standard deviation | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.4 | -1.1 | -1.5 | -1.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 | -1.5 |
| Left kidney weight | 2.0 | 9.3 | 16.5 | -4.1 | -1.7 | -1.8 | 4.0 | -4.0 | -1.5 |
| Right kidney weight | 3.0 | 13.8 | 23.1 | -4.8 | -2.3 | -2.4 | 4.7 | -4.6 | -2.1 |
| Cocaine induced anxiety | 3.1 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | -1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 |
| Post-drug Anxiety | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Baseline Anxiety | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.9 | -1.7 | -2.4 | -2.4 | 1.7 | -1.7 | -2.4 |
| Tail length | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.1 | 1.2 | -1.2 | -1.0 |
| Length with tail | 2.1 | 8.9 | 11.8 | -3.0 | -2.7 | -2.8 | 3.4 | -3.4 | -2.6 |
| Length without tail | 6.3 | 20.3 | 23.5 | -4.5 | -4.3 | -4.4 | 4.8 | -4.8 | -4.2 |
| Times rat made contact with spout | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.2 | -1.2 | -1.0 | -1.1 | 1.5 | -1.4 | -1.0 |
| Lifetime Intake | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.3 | -1.3 | -1.7 |
| Liver weight, left | 6.5 | 10.7 | 16.1 | -4.0 | -3.1 | -3.1 | 3.2 | -3.1 | -3.0 |
| Liver weight, right | 7.0 | 12.2 | 18.6 | -4.3 | -2.7 | -2.8 | 4.1 | -4.1 | -2.5 |
| Locomotor activity | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -0.0 |
| Locomotor testing distance | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | -0.9 | 0.6 |
| Locomotor testing rearing | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | 1.1 | -1.0 | -0.1 |
| Locomotion in novel chamber | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | -0.0 | 1.3 |
| Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | -1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
| Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | -1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
| Bouts of movement, locomotor time 1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5.0 | -1.5 | -2.2 | -2.2 | 1.4 | -1.4 | -2.2 |
| Total resting periods, locomotor time 1 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 4.5 | -1.5 | -2.1 | -2.1 | 1.4 | -1.4 | -2.1 |
| Rest time, locomotor task time 1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.6 |
| Distance moved, locomotor task time 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 0.1 |
| Vertical activity count, locomotor time 1 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
| Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.7 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.0 | -1.1 | -1.0 |
| Bouts of movement, locomotor time 2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| Total resting periods, locomotor time 2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | -0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Rest time, locomotor task time 2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Distance moved, locomotor task time 2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | -0.1 | -1.1 | -1.0 | 0.4 | -0.5 | -1.1 |
| Vertical activity count, locomotor time 2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.5 | -0.6 | -0.5 |
| Light reinforcement 1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -1.5 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Light reinforcement 2 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | -1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Bone: marrow area | 2.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 | -2.5 | -2.5 | -2.5 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -2.4 |
| Bone: maximum diameter | 7.7 | 14.4 | 17.0 | -4.1 | -3.9 | -3.9 | 3.5 | -3.5 | -3.9 |
| Bone: maximum force | 1.2 | 2.1 | 4.6 | -2.1 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 1.3 | -1.3 | -1.2 |
| Bone: maximum moment | 1.7 | 3.0 | 5.6 | -2.4 | -1.6 | -1.6 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.5 |
| Mean time between licks in bursts | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | -0.3 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.9 |
| Mean num. licks in bursts | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cd content in liver | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 1.9 |
| Co content in liver | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 |
| Cu content in liver | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Fe content in liver | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.8 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.1 | -1.1 | -1.7 |
| K content in liver | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Mg content in liver | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -0.0 |
| Mn content in liver | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Na content in liver | 0.9 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | -1.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Rb content in liver | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -1.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
| Se content in liver | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | -1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| Sr content in liver | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | -1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Zn content in liver | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Bone: minimum diameter | 5.1 | 9.4 | 10.6 | -3.3 | -3.1 | -3.1 | 2.9 | -2.9 | -3.1 |
| Time in familiar zone, hab. session 1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Time in novel zone, hab. session 1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.1 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -1.8 |
| Total zone transitions, hab. session 1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | -1.6 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.5 | -1.6 | -0.9 |
| Total locomotion distance, hab. session 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 |
| Locomotion velocity, hab. session 1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 |
| Time in familiar zone, hab. session 2 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 7.2 | -1.6 | -2.7 | -2.7 | 1.8 | -1.8 | -2.7 |
| Time in novel zone, hab. session 2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 |
| Total zone transitions, hab. session 2 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 4.1 | -1.8 | -1.4 | -1.4 | 2.0 | -2.0 | -1.3 |
| Total locomotion distance, hab. session 2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.5 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.1 |
| Locomotion velocity, hab. session 2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.9 | 1.2 | -1.2 | -0.8 |
| Novel to familiar place preference ratio | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.0 | 0.0 | -0.4 |
| Novelty place preference | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.6 |
| Time in novel zone, NPP test | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.7 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -1.1 |
| Total zone transitions, NPP test | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4.1 | -2.0 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 2.0 | -2.0 | -1.7 |
| Total locomotion distance, NPP test | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | -1.7 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.6 |
| Locomotion velocity, NPP test | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.3 | -1.2 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 1.0 | -1.1 | -0.9 |
| Intraocular pressure | 5.1 | 7.4 | 8.3 | -2.5 | -2.9 | -2.9 | 2.6 | -2.6 | -2.8 |
| Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | -1.2 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 1.3 | -1.3 | -1.1 |
| Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | -1.4 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.4 | -1.5 | -1.7 |
| Parametrial fat weight | 14.8 | 34.7 | 38.0 | -6.2 | -6.0 | -6.0 | 5.6 | -5.5 | -6.0 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever latency | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | -0.4 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -0.9 |
| Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.8 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.7 |
| Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.4 |
| Pavlov. Cond. index score | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | -0.5 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.6 | -0.5 | -0.1 |
| Pavlov. Cond. latency score | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | -0.4 | 0.1 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -1.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -0.4 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.4 | -0.4 | -0.1 |
| Pavlov. Cond. response bias | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.2 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever latency | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 1.7 |
| Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -1.9 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.9 |
| Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts | 1.6 | 2.6 | 4.7 | -1.2 | -2.1 | -2.0 | 0.7 | -0.7 | -2.2 |
| Pavlov. Cond. index score | 2.3 | 3.2 | 5.0 | -1.7 | -2.2 | -2.1 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -2.2 |
| Pavlov. Cond. latency score | 2.5 | 3.3 | 5.1 | -1.8 | -2.2 | -2.1 | 1.1 | -1.1 | -2.3 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.3 | -1.1 | -1.4 | -1.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -1.5 |
| Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | -1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 |
| Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff. | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.4 | -1.7 | -2.0 | -2.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -2.1 |
| Pavlov. Cond. response bias | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.8 | -1.4 | -1.9 | -1.8 | 0.7 | -0.7 | -2.0 |
| Time in closed arm before self-admin | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Time in closed arm after self-admin | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Time in open arm before self-admin | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | -1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 |
| Time in open arm after self-admin | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | -0.0 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -1.0 |
| Bone: periosteal estimation | 6.6 | 13.8 | 16.8 | -4.1 | -3.7 | -3.7 | 3.6 | -3.6 | -3.6 |
| Bone: periosteal perimeter | 9.0 | 15.4 | 21.9 | -4.7 | -3.8 | -3.8 | 3.7 | -3.7 | -3.7 |
| Bone: post-yield work | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | -0.4 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -0.9 |
| Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.6 | -1.2 | -1.9 | -1.9 | 1.2 | -1.1 | -1.9 |
| Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.5 | -1.1 | -1.9 | -1.8 | 1.2 | -1.1 | -1.9 |
| Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.9 | -0.9 | -1.9 | -1.9 | 1.2 | -1.1 | -2.0 |
| Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.4 | -1.6 | -2.1 | -2.0 | 2.1 | -2.0 | -2.0 |
| Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.8 | -1.7 | -2.1 | -2.1 | 2.2 | -2.1 | -2.1 |
| Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses | 1.9 | 3.1 | 3.8 | -1.5 | -2.0 | -1.9 | 1.6 | -1.5 | -2.0 |
| Incentive Sensitization - Responses | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | -1.2 | -1.5 | -1.5 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.5 |
| Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.4 | -1.1 | -1.4 | -1.4 | 1.5 | -1.5 | -1.4 |
| Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Progressive ratio | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -1.1 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| Food seeking constrained by brief footshock | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -0.7 |
| Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -0.6 |
| Retroperitoneal fat weight | 15.7 | 67.0 | 73.3 | -8.6 | -8.1 | -8.1 | 8.2 | -8.1 | -8.0 |
| Reaction time number correct | 1.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 | -1.4 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.7 |
| Reaction time mean minus median | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -0.8 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -0.4 | -0.5 |
| Reaction time mean minus median AUC | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.0 | -0.2 | -0.2 | 0.8 | -0.6 | -0.1 |
| Reaction time num false alarms | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 |
| Reaction time num false alarms AUC | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -0.1 |
| Reaction time trials correct on left | 1.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 | -1.4 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.7 |
| Reaction time trials on left | 1.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | -1.4 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.8 |
| Reaction time mean | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| Reaction time mean AUC | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Median of all reaction times | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | -0.3 | 0.4 | 1.3 |
| Reaction time omissions | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.6 |
| Reaction time false alarm rate | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | -0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Reaction time premature initiation rate | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | -0.8 | 0.4 |
| Reaction time premature initiations | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.2 | -1.4 | -0.6 | -0.7 | 1.8 | -1.8 | -0.5 |
| Std. dev. reaction times | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.1 | -1.5 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 1.1 | -1.0 | -0.7 |
| Reaction time trials completed | 1.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | -1.4 | -1.8 | -1.8 | 1.6 | -1.6 | -1.8 |
| Reaction time trials AUC | 1.6 | 3.0 | 3.5 | -1.5 | -1.9 | -1.9 | 1.7 | -1.7 | -1.8 |
| Run reversals in cocaine runway, females | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -0.3 |
| Run reversals in cocaine runway, males | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -1.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | -1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
| Std. dev. time between licks in bursts | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | -0.1 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -0.2 | 0.3 | -1.1 |
| Total sessions with >9 infusions | 2.8 | 3.4 | 4.0 | -2.0 | -1.7 | -1.8 | 2.0 | -1.9 | -1.7 |
| Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 | -1.2 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 1.5 | -1.5 | -1.7 |
| Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.2 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -0.9 | 1.0 | -1.1 | -0.9 |
| Short access day 1 total infusions | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
| Short access day 10 total infusions | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -0.6 |
| Short access total infusions | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | -0.9 | -1.2 | -1.1 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.2 |
| Short access day 1 locomotion | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.5 | -0.8 | -1.2 | -1.2 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.2 |
| Short access day 10 total locomotion | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.2 | 0.0 | -0.0 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 0.1 |
| Short access total locomotion | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -0.3 |
| One hour access (0.3 mA shock) | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.9 | -1.2 | -2.8 | -2.7 | 1.2 | -1.2 | -2.8 |
| Compulsive drug intake | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | -0.2 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -1.2 |
| One hour access (shock baseline) | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.1 |
| Social response proportion | 1.5 | 1.7 | 3.5 | -1.9 | -0.4 | -0.5 | 1.7 | -1.9 | -0.3 |
| Social responses | 6.0 | 7.7 | 8.4 | -2.9 | -2.8 | -2.8 | 2.7 | -2.8 | -2.7 |
| Social time | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.8 | -1.5 | -0.8 | -0.8 | 1.6 | -1.7 | -0.7 |
| Soleus weight | 3.1 | 9.1 | 15.2 | -3.5 | -2.0 | -2.1 | 3.9 | -3.9 | -1.8 |
| Bone: stiffness | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
| Tibialis anterior weight | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.7 | -0.6 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.7 |
| Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.7 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.7 | -0.7 | -0.3 |
| Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.8 |
| Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.6 | -0.6 | -1.1 |
| Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.4 | 0.4 | -0.3 |
| Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | -0.5 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.8 |
| Tibia length | 1.0 | 2.9 | 6.5 | -2.6 | -0.9 | -1.0 | 2.0 | -2.0 | -0.9 |
| Ambulatory time before self-admin | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 1.5 |
| Ambulatory time after self-admin | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.8 | 0.7 |
| Bone: tissue strength | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Total heroin consumption | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.9 | -2.0 | -2.2 | -2.2 | 2.1 | -2.1 | -2.2 |
| Bone: trabecular number | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.9 | -1.3 | -1.3 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -1.3 |
| Bone: trabecular spacing | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Bone: trabecular thickness | 7.1 | 8.9 | 9.8 | -3.1 | -3.0 | -3.0 | 2.8 | -2.8 | -3.0 |
| Bone: trabecular tissue density | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Water consumed over 24 hours | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | -0.9 | 0.0 | -0.0 | 0.7 | -0.7 | 0.1 |
| Number of responses in last shaping day | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 |