Adam4

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 pVTA gene expression Adam4 0.08 0.05 6.5e-04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 4.1e-02 7.5e-03 1.4e-02 4.5e-03
2 Adipose gene expression Adam4 0.04 0.02 4.6e-05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 3.0e-04 7.7e-05 1.9e-04 3.7e-04
3 NAcc gene expression Adam4 0.03 0.02 4.8e-04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 2.9e-04 2.5e-03 4.3e-04 3.1e-03

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3
Bone: apparent density0.10.20.30.40.1-0.6
Area under the delay curve0.30.40.8-0.2-0.90.7
BMI with tail1.65.612.93.61.2-1.6
BMI without tail0.10.30.9-0.2-0.9-0.3
Body weight0.83.65.7-1.9-2.41.1
Weight adjusted by age0.72.23.9-2.0-1.50.6
Bone surface0.10.10.40.2-0.2-0.6
Bone volume0.00.10.2-0.1-0.1-0.4
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session0.10.20.3-0.40.2-0.5
Number of licking bursts0.61.93.21.81.0-1.2
Context. condit. distance diff. score2.12.52.9-1.5-1.61.7
Locomotion velocity, session 10.70.81.30.31.1-1.2
Locomotion distance, session 12.12.64.02.01.4-1.4
Locomotion velocity, session 20.30.40.70.70.8-0.2
Locomotion distance, session 23.34.75.82.42.1-1.9
Locomotion velocity, session 31.71.92.8-1.6-0.61.7
Locomotion distance, session 30.30.40.6-0.6-0.40.8
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 30.70.81.1-1.0-0.90.7
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 30.30.30.9-0.9-0.20.3
Locomotion velocity, session 70.10.10.2-0.20.30.5
Locomotion distance, session 70.30.30.90.90.30.1
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 72.63.05.6-2.4-1.41.1
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 72.63.26.3-2.5-1.41.1
Locomotion velocity, session 80.20.20.50.40.7-0.1
Locomotion distance, session 80.10.10.40.6-0.00.2
Degree of sensitization distance0.10.10.20.40.0-0.2
Degree of sensitization stereotypy3.23.56.4-2.5-1.61.3
Conditioned locomotion0.20.30.6-0.10.8-0.5
Cocaine response after cond. corrected0.30.51.00.61.0-0.2
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.81.12.11.01.4-0.6
Cocaine response before conditioning0.40.50.60.60.7-0.8
Saline control response0.60.81.51.20.6-0.8
Bone: connectivity density0.20.40.70.8-0.1-0.7
Bone: cortical apparent density0.30.40.90.4-0.50.9
Bone: cortical area1.01.63.2-1.8-1.00.8
Bone: cortical porosity1.51.72.6-1.6-1.30.8
Bone: cortical porosity2.02.23.2-1.8-1.60.9
Bone: cortical thickness0.20.40.5-0.6-0.60.7
Bone: cortical thickness0.30.40.60.80.70.1
Bone: cortical tissue density0.20.30.70.4-0.40.9
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses3.64.04.4-2.1-1.92.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio4.44.75.3-2.3-2.02.2
Condit. Reinf. active responses3.34.24.7-1.9-2.12.2
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.10.20.40.7-0.2-0.0
Incentive salience index mean2.43.13.4-1.9-1.61.8
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.20.30.5-0.7-0.40.6
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.10.20.40.7-0.40.1
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.20.30.7-0.0-0.90.5
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.00.10.2-0.1-0.40.1
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.10.10.2-0.40.3-0.2
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.10.10.2-0.3-0.40.0
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.00.10.20.1-0.40.1
Conditioned reinforcement - actives0.10.20.60.10.8-0.3
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives0.30.81.20.51.1-0.9
Conditioned locomotion0.60.91.70.91.3-0.5
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec0.10.30.80.0-0.0-0.9
Patch foraging indifference point AUC0.30.61.0-0.6-0.81.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.30.30.90.9-0.3-0.1
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay1.11.62.9-1.7-1.01.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay0.30.40.90.2-0.90.4
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.10.20.5-0.5-0.70.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.50.50.90.4-1.00.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.30.50.70.0-0.80.8
Indifference point function ln k0.10.30.4-0.7-0.70.2
Indifference point function log k0.10.30.4-0.7-0.70.2
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec0.10.20.6-0.1-0.2-0.8
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec0.40.51.1-0.6-1.0-0.1
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec0.10.10.3-0.3-0.60.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec0.51.73.3-1.8-1.30.3
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec0.10.20.3-0.5-0.5-0.0
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec0.10.40.9-0.10.9-0.7
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.51.73.1-1.2-1.80.7
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec0.10.50.7-0.3-0.70.8
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.51.21.7-0.6-1.21.3
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.40.61.1-0.5-1.10.6
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec1.42.12.7-1.4-1.61.2
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock0.40.51.2-1.1-0.6-0.0
Distance traveled before self-admin0.10.30.80.9-0.0-0.0
Distance traveled after self-admin0.10.20.30.3-0.60.5
Extensor digitorum longus weight0.52.12.9-1.2-1.71.4
Bone: elastic displacement0.30.40.60.30.8-0.7
Bone: elastic work0.10.10.2-0.3-0.20.4
Bone: endosteal estimation0.41.02.8-1.7-0.2-0.1
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.61.44.1-2.0-0.40.1
Epididymis fat weight0.20.91.20.91.1-0.8
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.20.20.4-0.60.2-0.4
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin3.54.24.4-2.0-2.12.0
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions1.32.33.81.21.2-2.0
Delay discount exponential model param0.40.50.90.20.9-0.8
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming1.52.35.1-2.3-0.81.0
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.40.40.6-0.20.7-0.8
Bone: final force1.11.81.9-1.4-1.41.3
Bone: final moment0.91.41.6-1.2-1.31.1
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period1.12.23.7-1.2-1.91.2
Glucose0.60.91.40.31.1-1.2
Heart weight0.10.10.20.20.1-0.5
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.30.40.70.10.8-0.7
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.53.04.51.02.1-1.8
Intermittent access intake escalation0.63.24.71.32.2-1.8
Intermittent access intake escalation 20.71.22.00.41.4-1.2
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.00.00.1-0.10.2-0.2
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.10.30.70.50.8-0.2
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.41.21.9-0.6-1.21.4
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions0.00.00.0-0.1-0.1-0.1
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions0.41.01.40.71.2-1.0
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)0.30.50.80.20.7-0.9
Intermittent access total infusions0.20.30.30.50.4-0.6
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.10.20.20.50.2-0.4
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.62.53.41.41.5-1.8
Intermittent access total locomotion0.60.81.11.10.7-0.9
Intermittent access standard deviation0.10.40.80.10.9-0.5
Left kidney weight0.32.34.1-2.0-1.31.0
Right kidney weight0.42.75.2-2.3-1.31.1
Cocaine induced anxiety1.85.05.92.42.3-1.9
Post-drug Anxiety1.31.53.92.00.7-0.1
Baseline Anxiety1.22.03.7-0.1-1.51.9
Tail length2.815.029.6-5.4-3.51.8
Length with tail4.017.935.4-5.9-3.62.2
Length without tail0.63.05.3-2.3-1.61.0
Times rat made contact with spout1.92.12.9-1.6-1.71.0
Lifetime Intake0.30.30.50.70.6-0.5
Liver weight, left0.81.43.2-1.8-0.9-0.0
Liver weight, right0.50.91.7-1.3-1.00.3
Locomotor activity1.01.62.1-1.3-1.50.9
Locomotor testing distance0.00.10.2-0.1-0.4-0.1
Locomotor testing rearing0.00.10.2-0.2-0.50.2
Locomotion in novel chamber0.50.61.01.00.7-0.6
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction0.10.30.50.70.6-0.0
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 10.10.20.50.00.30.7
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task2.12.22.41.41.5-1.5
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 11.41.72.70.91.6-1.2
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 10.20.20.4-0.6-0.50.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 10.20.20.2-0.5-0.30.5
Rest time, locomotor task time 10.10.10.20.20.40.3
Distance moved, locomotor task time 10.41.21.5-1.2-1.20.9
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.00.10.30.20.2-0.6
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 20.00.00.00.20.0-0.1
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 20.30.91.60.90.5-1.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 20.31.22.00.90.7-1.4
Rest time, locomotor task time 20.71.32.40.41.6-1.1
Distance moved, locomotor task time 21.41.92.6-1.3-1.61.2
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.00.00.0-0.1-0.20.1
Light reinforcement 12.511.513.4-3.3-3.73.2
Light reinforcement 21.63.54.3-1.6-2.02.1
Bone: marrow area0.51.13.3-1.8-0.30.0
Bone: maximum diameter0.71.44.1-2.0-0.3-0.1
Bone: maximum force0.20.30.6-0.8-0.50.4
Bone: maximum moment0.10.10.3-0.5-0.30.2
Mean time between licks in bursts0.53.34.61.52.1-1.7
Mean num. licks in bursts1.74.56.5-2.6-2.01.7
Cd content in liver1.41.62.8-1.7-1.10.9
Co content in liver2.63.15.2-2.3-1.31.5
Cu content in liver1.21.42.21.50.9-1.1
Fe content in liver0.60.71.20.50.9-1.1
K content in liver0.10.10.40.60.0-0.1
Mg content in liver0.30.30.6-0.2-0.80.5
Mn content in liver0.60.60.9-0.8-0.90.6
Na content in liver0.00.00.1-0.1-0.1-0.3
Rb content in liver3.03.55.6-2.4-2.00.9
Se content in liver0.10.10.20.10.1-0.4
Sr content in liver0.50.41.2-1.10.00.2
Zn content in liver0.30.40.50.50.6-0.7
Bone: minimum diameter1.01.95.1-2.3-0.70.3
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.00.00.1-0.30.20.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 10.10.10.2-0.2-0.30.4
Total zone transitions, hab. session 12.73.74.91.91.7-2.2
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 16.18.79.63.12.6-3.1
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 14.26.07.32.52.1-2.7
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.10.10.2-0.4-0.3-0.1
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.20.20.40.3-0.10.6
Total zone transitions, hab. session 21.92.43.41.61.2-1.8
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 22.73.55.22.31.5-1.8
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 22.83.75.02.21.6-1.9
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.70.92.00.71.4-0.4
Novelty place preference0.70.92.30.41.5-0.5
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.80.92.20.61.5-0.6
Total zone transitions, NPP test2.53.85.42.31.4-2.0
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.91.32.31.50.5-1.2
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.60.91.51.20.4-1.0
Intraocular pressure0.61.01.41.10.7-1.2
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin1.61.71.9-1.2-1.31.4
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.81.31.5-1.2-1.21.1
Parametrial fat weight0.00.10.10.20.4-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.70.91.1-0.9-0.81.1
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency2.02.54.11.11.5-2.0
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts2.93.14.11.61.6-2.0
Pavlov. Cond. index score1.21.52.30.91.2-1.5
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.81.01.70.60.9-1.3
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.91.11.40.91.1-1.2
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number3.44.36.2-1.8-1.82.5
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries4.35.27.4-1.5-2.42.7
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.1.62.02.71.21.3-1.7
Pavlov. Cond. response bias2.73.34.61.71.6-2.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.30.40.60.50.8-0.5
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.10.10.20.4-0.50.2
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.10.20.30.3-0.50.5
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.10.20.40.1-0.60.4
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.10.20.5-0.0-0.70.5
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.30.40.6-0.5-0.80.6
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.10.10.4-0.60.00.0
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.30.81.0-1.0-0.90.7
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.10.20.30.2-0.60.4
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.00.00.10.1-0.30.1
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.40.82.21.50.1-0.4
Time in closed arm after self-admin1.92.12.41.61.3-1.5
Time in open arm before self-admin0.30.30.60.40.8-0.5
Time in open arm after self-admin5.96.57.7-2.8-2.52.3
Bone: periosteal estimation0.61.54.2-2.0-0.60.2
Bone: periosteal perimeter1.22.46.1-2.5-1.00.4
Bone: post-yield work0.30.51.10.10.7-1.0
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses0.00.00.0-0.1-0.0-0.0
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint0.00.00.0-0.2-0.0-0.0
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses0.10.30.40.20.7-0.6
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses0.30.40.70.80.3-0.6
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint0.30.40.80.90.2-0.5
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses0.41.11.60.71.2-1.3
Incentive Sensitization - Responses0.10.41.21.1-0.2-0.0
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint0.20.41.21.1-0.3-0.1
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.30.30.5-0.7-0.30.5
Progressive ratio0.00.10.20.1-0.10.4
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock1.01.33.11.80.3-0.7
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.10.30.50.7-0.1-0.6
Retroperitoneal fat weight1.25.27.21.72.4-2.7
Reaction time number correct0.72.64.42.11.5-1.1
Reaction time mean minus median0.42.83.71.41.6-1.9
Reaction time mean minus median AUC0.42.93.51.71.6-1.9
Reaction time num false alarms0.61.02.71.70.3-0.3
Reaction time num false alarms AUC0.61.43.92.00.4-0.4
Reaction time trials correct on left0.72.64.42.11.5-1.1
Reaction time trials on left0.93.15.22.31.6-1.2
Reaction time mean0.61.42.21.51.0-0.9
Reaction time mean AUC0.71.62.51.61.2-1.0
Median of all reaction times0.50.71.61.30.7-0.3
Reaction time omissions4.37.08.22.92.5-2.5
Reaction time false alarm rate0.20.30.60.7-0.50.3
Reaction time premature initiation rate1.11.63.9-0.40.9-2.0
Reaction time premature initiations0.92.85.40.61.6-2.3
Std. dev. reaction times1.24.15.12.31.9-1.9
Reaction time trials completed0.93.15.22.31.6-1.2
Reaction time trials AUC0.82.94.92.21.5-1.2
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females0.60.70.9-0.9-0.70.9
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males0.40.40.80.70.1-0.9
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.30.50.70.80.7-0.5
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.00.00.00.0-0.00.2
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M1.61.51.91.41.3-1.0
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts1.22.33.21.81.6-1.0
Total sessions with >9 infusions0.00.00.10.20.2-0.1
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses0.20.30.7-0.00.9-0.5
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.10.40.60.80.7-0.2
Short access day 1 total infusions0.10.20.2-0.4-0.40.4
Short access day 10 total infusions0.10.10.20.30.4-0.3
Short access total infusions0.20.30.40.60.7-0.4
Short access day 1 locomotion0.30.51.10.31.0-0.7
Short access day 10 total locomotion0.10.50.80.40.8-0.9
Short access total locomotion0.30.50.70.50.8-0.7
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.50.61.2-1.1-0.40.7
Compulsive drug intake1.72.63.9-1.1-1.62.0
One hour access (shock baseline)0.10.40.7-0.20.8-0.6
Social response proportion0.20.20.3-0.4-0.40.6
Social responses0.30.40.9-0.4-0.51.0
Social time0.60.91.7-0.4-1.01.3
Soleus weight3.09.012.0-2.8-3.52.7
Bone: stiffness0.10.20.40.10.6-0.4
Tibialis anterior weight1.96.48.8-2.1-3.02.4
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin1.82.22.71.61.2-1.6
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin1.83.64.11.62.0-2.0
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin1.11.21.51.01.1-1.2
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin0.10.10.30.50.20.1
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.20.20.4-0.6-0.10.4
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.20.20.5-0.0-0.40.7
Tibia length0.30.92.0-1.4-0.30.7
Ambulatory time before self-admin0.10.41.01.00.1-0.0
Ambulatory time after self-admin0.30.40.90.2-0.90.6
Bone: tissue strength0.70.71.21.10.2-1.0
Total heroin consumption0.30.30.60.20.6-0.8
Bone: trabecular number0.10.20.30.30.1-0.6
Bone: trabecular spacing1.72.54.0-1.1-1.42.0
Bone: trabecular thickness0.40.61.00.20.8-1.0
Bone: trabecular tissue density1.22.12.7-1.4-1.31.6
Water consumed over 24 hours1.01.83.5-1.3-1.90.6
Number of responses in last shaping day0.20.30.9-0.9-0.2-0.1