Prkd2

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 PL gene expression Prkd2 0.06 0.05 1.0e-06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 1.3e-06 1.1e-06 1.1e-06 1.6e-06
2 Adipose alternative TSS XM_063283083.1 0.02 0.02 8.6e-03 0 0 -0 -0 1.9e-01 3.7e-01 6.2e-01 5.3e-01
3 Adipose mRNA stability Prkd2 0.05 0.05 1.6e-05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 2.9e-05 4.1e-05 9.8e-05 1.1e-04
4 pVTA gene expression Prkd2 0.04 0.05 9.9e-03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.1e-02 6.8e-02 6.3e-02 5.3e-02

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4
Bone: apparent density0.00.10.10.3-0.20.40.0
Area under the delay curve0.40.50.7-0.80.9-0.90.0
BMI with tail0.82.94.12.0-1.92.00.0
BMI without tail0.84.15.82.4-2.32.30.0
Body weight1.67.19.53.1-3.13.00.0
Weight adjusted by age0.00.10.10.3-0.30.30.0
Bone surface0.50.91.41.1-1.01.20.0
Bone volume0.20.50.70.8-0.80.90.0
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session1.62.94.1-2.02.0-1.90.0
Number of licking bursts1.03.14.32.1-2.02.00.0
Context. condit. distance diff. score0.00.00.10.1-0.20.20.0
Locomotion velocity, session 10.20.20.5-0.40.4-0.70.0
Locomotion distance, session 10.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.20.0
Locomotion velocity, session 21.41.62.41.5-1.51.40.0
Locomotion distance, session 20.40.50.80.8-0.90.80.0
Locomotion velocity, session 30.20.30.40.5-0.70.60.0
Locomotion distance, session 30.50.60.9-0.90.9-0.80.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 30.60.81.21.0-1.10.90.0
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 30.40.50.80.8-0.90.80.0
Locomotion velocity, session 70.50.50.9-1.00.8-0.70.0
Locomotion distance, session 70.00.00.10.0-0.20.30.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 70.40.50.90.9-0.80.60.0
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 70.40.50.80.9-0.80.70.0
Locomotion velocity, session 80.00.00.0-0.20.1-0.10.0
Locomotion distance, session 80.00.00.00.1-0.20.20.0
Degree of sensitization distance0.60.61.00.8-1.00.90.0
Degree of sensitization stereotypy0.50.50.91.0-0.90.70.0
Conditioned locomotion0.10.10.2-0.40.5-0.30.0
Cocaine response after cond. corrected0.20.30.40.6-0.60.70.0
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.71.01.31.1-1.11.10.0
Cocaine response before conditioning1.51.82.41.5-1.51.50.0
Saline control response1.01.42.01.3-1.41.40.0
Bone: connectivity density0.00.10.20.3-0.20.40.0
Bone: cortical apparent density0.00.10.1-0.30.3-0.20.0
Bone: cortical area1.42.33.11.8-1.71.80.0
Bone: cortical porosity0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Bone: cortical porosity0.00.00.00.0-0.10.20.0
Bone: cortical thickness0.40.71.01.0-0.91.00.0
Bone: cortical thickness0.70.91.31.1-1.11.00.0
Bone: cortical tissue density0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.70.71.11.0-1.00.90.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.60.71.01.0-1.00.80.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.40.50.70.8-0.80.70.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.00.10.1-0.40.3-0.20.0
Incentive salience index mean0.50.71.01.0-1.00.90.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.20.30.40.6-0.60.60.0
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.00.00.00.1-0.10.10.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.00.10.10.3-0.20.30.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.10.10.1-0.30.3-0.30.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.30.40.6-0.80.7-0.80.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.10.10.10.3-0.30.40.0
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.10.10.1-0.30.3-0.30.0
Conditioned reinforcement - actives0.83.14.62.0-2.12.00.0
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives0.92.43.71.8-1.91.70.0
Conditioned locomotion1.11.62.31.4-1.51.40.0
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec0.10.30.50.7-0.70.50.0
Patch foraging indifference point AUC2.04.86.82.4-2.62.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.20.20.4-0.50.6-0.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay0.20.20.4-0.60.5-0.60.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay1.11.21.7-1.31.2-1.30.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.00.00.00.1-0.0-0.10.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.20.20.30.6-0.50.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.71.11.7-1.21.3-1.20.0
Indifference point function ln k0.82.43.3-1.81.8-1.80.0
Indifference point function log k0.82.43.3-1.81.8-1.80.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec0.10.40.70.8-0.80.60.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec1.72.33.61.7-1.91.70.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec1.02.33.21.7-1.81.70.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec0.41.42.11.3-1.41.30.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec1.62.74.11.9-2.01.80.0
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec0.72.73.8-1.91.8-2.00.0
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.93.44.82.2-2.02.20.0
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec0.00.10.10.3-0.20.40.0
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.00.10.10.3-0.20.40.0
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.00.00.10.3-0.00.30.0
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec0.60.81.21.1-0.91.10.0
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock1.52.13.2-1.51.8-1.70.0
Distance traveled before self-admin0.00.00.0-0.0-0.10.00.0
Distance traveled after self-admin0.40.71.1-1.11.0-0.80.0
Extensor digitorum longus weight1.87.310.13.1-3.13.20.0
Bone: elastic displacement0.50.70.9-0.90.9-1.00.0
Bone: elastic work0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Bone: endosteal estimation0.00.00.0-0.0-0.00.00.0
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.00.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Epididymis fat weight0.00.20.3-0.50.5-0.50.0
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.40.40.6-0.70.7-0.80.0
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin0.10.20.30.5-0.50.50.0
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions1.22.22.9-1.71.7-1.70.0
Delay discount exponential model param0.30.40.50.7-0.70.70.0
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming0.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.20.0
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.30.30.50.6-0.70.50.0
Bone: final force0.50.81.21.1-1.01.00.0
Bone: final moment0.81.21.81.3-1.31.20.0
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period2.65.27.1-2.62.6-2.70.0
Glucose0.50.81.2-1.01.1-1.00.0
Heart weight0.91.52.11.4-1.41.40.0
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.20.30.40.6-0.60.60.0
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.00.20.50.5-0.70.30.0
Intermittent access intake escalation0.10.40.70.7-0.90.50.0
Intermittent access intake escalation 20.00.00.1-0.20.1-0.40.0
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.00.30.40.6-0.70.50.0
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.10.30.60.6-0.80.50.0
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.20.50.9-0.70.9-1.00.0
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions1.23.54.72.2-2.12.20.0
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions0.61.52.21.5-1.51.30.0
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)0.71.31.81.3-1.31.20.0
Intermittent access total infusions2.22.63.61.9-1.91.80.0
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.40.81.21.0-1.11.00.0
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.10.30.60.7-0.70.60.0
Intermittent access total locomotion1.62.02.91.6-1.71.50.0
Intermittent access standard deviation0.00.20.3-0.50.5-0.60.0
Left kidney weight2.620.527.65.3-5.25.20.0
Right kidney weight2.618.224.55.0-4.94.90.0
Cocaine induced anxiety0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.00.0
Post-drug Anxiety0.00.00.1-0.20.3-0.10.0
Baseline Anxiety0.40.71.0-0.90.9-1.00.0
Tail length0.63.14.42.0-2.02.10.0
Length with tail0.62.73.71.8-1.91.90.0
Length without tail0.21.21.71.2-1.31.20.0
Times rat made contact with spout0.20.30.4-0.60.5-0.60.0
Lifetime Intake2.53.04.22.0-2.02.00.0
Liver weight, left2.13.65.32.2-2.32.10.0
Liver weight, right1.62.94.02.0-1.92.00.0
Locomotor activity1.21.93.01.7-1.51.50.0
Locomotor testing distance0.71.72.81.7-1.51.40.0
Locomotor testing rearing2.07.310.23.2-3.13.00.0
Locomotion in novel chamber0.70.91.3-1.11.0-1.20.0
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction0.31.01.8-1.11.0-1.30.0
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 10.10.30.50.7-0.70.40.0
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task0.70.71.1-1.01.0-0.90.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 10.00.00.1-0.0-0.1-0.30.0
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 12.43.14.5-2.11.9-2.00.0
Total resting periods, locomotor time 12.93.45.0-2.22.0-2.10.0
Rest time, locomotor task time 10.10.10.2-0.50.2-0.50.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 10.20.50.90.9-0.60.90.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.00.10.10.4-0.20.30.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 20.00.00.10.1-0.20.00.0
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 21.85.98.0-2.82.8-2.80.0
Total resting periods, locomotor time 21.45.77.8-2.72.7-2.80.0
Rest time, locomotor task time 20.20.30.5-0.70.5-0.60.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 20.60.81.31.0-0.81.20.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.00.00.10.1-0.10.30.0
Light reinforcement 10.00.20.30.5-0.60.30.0
Light reinforcement 20.30.71.11.0-1.11.00.0
Bone: marrow area0.00.00.00.1-0.10.10.0
Bone: maximum diameter1.83.64.92.2-2.22.20.0
Bone: maximum force0.20.50.70.8-0.80.80.0
Bone: maximum moment0.40.71.01.0-0.91.00.0
Mean time between licks in bursts0.00.00.0-0.00.1-0.00.0
Mean num. licks in bursts1.74.56.1-2.52.4-2.50.0
Cd content in liver0.20.30.5-0.60.5-0.70.0
Co content in liver0.80.91.3-1.01.1-1.20.0
Cu content in liver0.40.50.80.7-0.70.90.0
Fe content in liver2.53.14.32.1-2.02.00.0
K content in liver0.30.30.40.6-0.50.60.0
Mg content in liver0.50.60.90.9-0.80.90.0
Mn content in liver0.70.81.41.0-0.91.20.0
Na content in liver0.00.00.00.00.10.10.0
Rb content in liver0.00.00.00.2-0.20.20.0
Se content in liver3.84.56.22.5-2.42.40.0
Sr content in liver0.10.10.10.3-0.30.30.0
Zn content in liver1.51.82.61.6-1.61.50.0
Bone: minimum diameter0.30.70.90.9-0.91.00.0
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 10.50.50.80.8-0.80.90.0
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.00.00.10.2-0.30.10.0
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 10.30.40.5-0.70.7-0.70.0
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.81.21.8-1.31.2-1.30.0
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.30.30.50.7-0.70.60.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.30.30.4-0.60.7-0.60.0
Total zone transitions, hab. session 20.30.40.60.8-0.80.60.0
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 20.40.50.8-0.70.8-0.90.0
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 20.20.20.4-0.50.5-0.70.0
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.40.50.70.9-0.80.80.0
Novelty place preference0.30.40.60.8-0.80.70.0
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.40.50.70.8-0.80.80.0
Total zone transitions, NPP test0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.00.00.00.2-0.20.10.0
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.00.00.10.2-0.20.10.0
Intraocular pressure0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.40.0
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin0.70.71.2-1.01.1-0.90.0
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.10.20.4-0.50.6-0.30.0
Parametrial fat weight0.00.00.00.2-0.20.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.40.50.8-0.90.9-0.70.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.20.20.30.6-0.50.50.0
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.30.30.6-0.60.6-0.70.0
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.30.40.60.8-0.70.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.10.10.20.5-0.40.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.30.30.50.7-0.70.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.00.00.00.1-0.10.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.30.40.60.8-0.80.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.91.21.71.3-1.31.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.00.00.00.0-0.0-0.00.0
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.10.30.4-0.60.6-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.00.00.0-0.00.0-0.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.20.30.40.6-0.60.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.20.30.40.6-0.60.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.00.00.00.0-0.20.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.00.00.00.1-0.10.00.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.00.00.10.2-0.20.10.0
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.30.50.80.8-0.90.90.0
Time in closed arm after self-admin1.31.52.2-1.31.5-1.40.0
Time in open arm before self-admin0.30.40.6-0.60.7-0.80.0
Time in open arm after self-admin0.00.00.10.1-0.10.30.0
Bone: periosteal estimation0.30.71.01.0-1.01.00.0
Bone: periosteal perimeter0.50.91.31.1-1.11.10.0
Bone: post-yield work0.20.30.5-0.70.7-0.50.0
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses2.44.25.72.3-2.42.40.0
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint2.23.85.22.2-2.32.30.0
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses1.13.04.12.0-2.01.90.0
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses2.83.95.82.3-2.42.20.0
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint3.34.26.12.3-2.52.30.0
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses0.62.03.31.6-1.81.50.0
Incentive Sensitization - Responses0.82.23.41.7-1.91.50.0
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint0.92.13.31.7-1.81.50.0
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.70.60.9-1.00.9-0.90.0
Progressive ratio0.51.42.1-1.21.4-1.50.0
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock2.22.74.6-1.81.8-2.10.0
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.30.0
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.00.10.10.3-0.20.30.0
Reaction time number correct0.93.34.42.1-2.12.10.0
Reaction time mean minus median0.21.11.7-1.31.1-1.20.0
Reaction time mean minus median AUC0.00.20.3-0.50.4-0.40.0
Reaction time num false alarms3.45.88.12.9-2.72.80.0
Reaction time num false alarms AUC2.35.47.52.7-2.62.60.0
Reaction time trials correct on left0.93.34.42.1-2.12.10.0
Reaction time trials on left1.03.34.52.1-2.12.10.0
Reaction time mean1.02.23.0-1.71.7-1.70.0
Reaction time mean AUC0.71.62.2-1.51.5-1.50.0
Median of all reaction times1.11.82.4-1.51.6-1.50.0
Reaction time omissions0.00.10.10.3-0.30.30.0
Reaction time false alarm rate0.50.71.01.0-0.90.90.0
Reaction time premature initiation rate0.20.30.6-0.50.7-0.70.0
Reaction time premature initiations0.00.10.20.4-0.30.20.0
Std. dev. reaction times0.31.01.5-1.21.1-1.20.0
Reaction time trials completed1.03.34.52.1-2.12.10.0
Reaction time trials AUC1.24.35.82.4-2.42.40.0
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females0.40.40.9-1.00.8-0.50.0
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males0.20.20.50.5-0.70.50.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.10.10.2-0.30.4-0.20.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.10.10.20.4-0.20.40.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M0.20.20.2-0.50.5-0.40.0
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts0.10.10.20.5-0.40.50.0
Total sessions with >9 infusions3.03.75.12.2-2.22.30.0
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses1.42.73.91.9-2.01.80.0
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.10.91.5-1.11.2-1.00.0
Short access day 1 total infusions1.32.53.41.8-1.81.80.0
Short access day 10 total infusions2.74.46.02.5-2.42.40.0
Short access total infusions2.23.14.32.1-2.02.10.0
Short access day 1 locomotion2.74.56.52.5-2.32.50.0
Short access day 10 total locomotion0.00.00.0-0.20.1-0.20.0
Short access total locomotion0.60.91.31.1-1.11.20.0
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.20.20.50.5-0.70.50.0
Compulsive drug intake0.00.00.00.1-0.20.10.0
One hour access (shock baseline)0.61.52.11.4-1.41.50.0
Social response proportion0.40.50.80.6-0.90.90.0
Social responses0.60.81.21.0-1.10.90.0
Social time1.72.63.6-1.91.8-1.90.0
Soleus weight0.10.40.70.8-0.80.70.0
Bone: stiffness0.61.21.81.2-1.21.30.0
Tibialis anterior weight3.311.315.43.9-3.93.90.0
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin1.11.42.41.4-1.21.60.0
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin0.10.30.4-0.60.6-0.70.0
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin0.30.40.8-0.70.9-0.40.0
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin0.00.00.00.0-0.00.10.0
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.20.30.5-0.60.3-0.70.0
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.70.91.51.1-1.20.90.0
Tibia length0.30.71.01.0-1.01.00.0
Ambulatory time before self-admin0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.30.0
Ambulatory time after self-admin0.71.11.7-1.31.3-1.10.0
Bone: tissue strength0.30.30.4-0.60.7-0.60.0
Total heroin consumption0.00.00.00.2-0.20.10.0
Bone: trabecular number0.00.00.00.10.10.20.0
Bone: trabecular spacing0.00.00.0-0.0-0.1-0.10.0
Bone: trabecular thickness1.01.32.01.3-1.41.30.0
Bone: trabecular tissue density0.00.10.10.2-0.40.30.0
Water consumed over 24 hours0.30.50.7-0.80.8-0.90.0
Number of responses in last shaping day1.31.62.41.4-1.51.50.0