Prkd2

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 PL gene expression Prkd2 0.06 0.05 1.0e-06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 1.3e-06 1.1e-06 1.1e-06 1.7e-06
2 Adipose alternative TSS XM_063283083.1 0.02 0.02 8.6e-03 0 0 -0 -0 1.9e-01 3.7e-01 6.2e-01 5.6e-01
3 Adipose mRNA stability Prkd2 0.05 0.05 1.6e-05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 2.9e-05 4.1e-05 9.6e-05 1.0e-04
4 pVTA gene expression Prkd2 0.04 0.05 9.9e-03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.1e-02 6.8e-02 6.3e-02 5.2e-02

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4
Bone: apparent density0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.40.0
Area under the delay curve0.50.50.70.8-0.90.90.0
BMI with tail0.82.94.1-2.01.9-2.00.0
BMI without tail1.34.15.8-2.42.3-2.30.0
Body weight1.67.19.5-3.13.1-3.00.0
Weight adjusted by age0.00.10.1-0.30.3-0.30.0
Bone surface0.50.91.4-1.11.0-1.20.0
Bone volume0.30.50.7-0.80.8-0.90.0
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session2.42.94.12.0-2.01.90.0
Number of licking bursts1.93.14.3-2.12.0-2.00.0
Context. condit. distance diff. score0.00.00.1-0.10.2-0.20.0
Locomotion velocity, session 10.20.20.50.4-0.40.70.0
Locomotion distance, session 10.00.00.00.1-0.10.20.0
Locomotion velocity, session 21.41.62.4-1.51.5-1.40.0
Locomotion distance, session 20.40.50.8-0.80.9-0.80.0
Locomotion velocity, session 30.20.30.4-0.50.7-0.60.0
Locomotion distance, session 30.60.60.90.9-0.90.80.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 30.70.81.2-1.01.1-0.90.0
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 30.50.50.8-0.80.9-0.80.0
Locomotion velocity, session 70.50.50.91.0-0.80.70.0
Locomotion distance, session 70.00.00.1-0.00.2-0.30.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 70.40.50.9-0.90.8-0.60.0
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 70.40.50.8-0.90.8-0.70.0
Locomotion velocity, session 80.00.00.00.2-0.10.10.0
Locomotion distance, session 80.00.00.0-0.10.2-0.20.0
Degree of sensitization distance0.60.61.0-0.81.0-0.90.0
Degree of sensitization stereotypy0.50.50.9-1.00.9-0.70.0
Conditioned locomotion0.10.10.20.4-0.50.30.0
Cocaine response after cond. corrected0.30.30.4-0.60.6-0.70.0
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.81.01.3-1.11.1-1.10.0
Cocaine response before conditioning1.51.82.4-1.51.5-1.50.0
Saline control response1.11.42.0-1.31.4-1.40.0
Bone: connectivity density0.00.10.2-0.30.2-0.40.0
Bone: cortical apparent density0.00.10.10.3-0.30.20.0
Bone: cortical area1.52.33.1-1.81.7-1.80.0
Bone: cortical porosity0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Bone: cortical porosity0.00.00.0-0.00.1-0.20.0
Bone: cortical thickness0.40.71.0-1.00.9-1.00.0
Bone: cortical thickness0.70.91.3-1.11.1-1.00.0
Bone: cortical tissue density0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.70.71.1-1.01.0-0.90.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.60.71.0-1.01.0-0.80.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.40.50.7-0.80.8-0.70.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.00.10.10.4-0.30.20.0
Incentive salience index mean0.60.71.0-1.01.0-0.90.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.20.30.4-0.60.6-0.60.0
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.10.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.30.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.10.10.10.3-0.30.30.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.30.40.60.8-0.70.80.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.10.10.1-0.30.3-0.40.0
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.10.10.10.3-0.30.30.0
Conditioned reinforcement - actives1.83.14.6-2.02.1-2.00.0
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives1.62.43.7-1.81.9-1.70.0
Conditioned locomotion1.21.62.3-1.41.5-1.40.0
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec0.20.30.5-0.70.7-0.50.0
Patch foraging indifference point AUC3.34.86.8-2.42.6-2.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.20.20.40.5-0.60.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay0.20.20.40.6-0.50.60.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay1.11.21.71.3-1.21.30.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.00.00.0-0.10.00.10.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.20.20.3-0.60.5-0.50.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay1.01.11.71.2-1.31.20.0
Indifference point function ln k1.42.43.31.8-1.81.80.0
Indifference point function log k1.42.43.31.8-1.81.80.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec0.20.40.7-0.80.8-0.60.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec1.82.33.6-1.71.9-1.70.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec1.52.33.2-1.71.8-1.70.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec0.81.42.1-1.31.4-1.30.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec1.82.74.1-1.92.0-1.80.0
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec1.32.73.81.9-1.82.00.0
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec1.63.44.8-2.22.0-2.20.0
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.40.0
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.40.0
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.00.00.1-0.30.0-0.30.0
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec0.60.81.2-1.10.9-1.10.0
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock1.72.13.21.5-1.81.70.0
Distance traveled before self-admin0.00.00.00.00.1-0.00.0
Distance traveled after self-admin0.60.71.11.1-1.00.80.0
Extensor digitorum longus weight1.87.310.1-3.13.1-3.20.0
Bone: elastic displacement0.60.70.90.9-0.91.00.0
Bone: elastic work0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Bone: endosteal estimation0.00.00.00.00.0-0.00.0
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Epididymis fat weight0.10.20.30.5-0.50.50.0
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.40.40.60.7-0.70.80.0
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin0.20.20.3-0.50.5-0.50.0
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions1.82.22.91.7-1.71.70.0
Delay discount exponential model param0.30.40.5-0.70.7-0.70.0
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming0.00.00.00.1-0.10.20.0
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.30.30.5-0.60.7-0.50.0
Bone: final force0.50.81.2-1.11.0-1.00.0
Bone: final moment0.81.21.8-1.31.3-1.20.0
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period3.85.27.12.6-2.62.70.0
Glucose0.50.81.21.0-1.11.00.0
Heart weight1.01.52.1-1.41.4-1.40.0
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.20.30.4-0.60.6-0.60.0
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.10.20.5-0.50.7-0.30.0
Intermittent access intake escalation0.20.40.7-0.70.9-0.50.0
Intermittent access intake escalation 20.00.00.10.2-0.10.40.0
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.10.30.4-0.60.7-0.50.0
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.20.30.6-0.60.8-0.50.0
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.40.50.90.7-0.91.00.0
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions2.23.54.7-2.22.1-2.20.0
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions1.01.52.2-1.51.5-1.30.0
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)1.01.31.8-1.31.3-1.20.0
Intermittent access total infusions2.22.63.6-1.91.9-1.80.0
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.60.81.2-1.01.1-1.00.0
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.20.30.6-0.70.7-0.60.0
Intermittent access total locomotion1.62.02.9-1.61.7-1.50.0
Intermittent access standard deviation0.10.20.30.5-0.50.60.0
Left kidney weight4.420.527.6-5.35.2-5.20.0
Right kidney weight4.018.224.5-5.04.9-4.90.0
Cocaine induced anxiety0.00.00.00.2-0.20.00.0
Post-drug Anxiety0.00.00.10.2-0.30.10.0
Baseline Anxiety0.60.71.00.9-0.91.00.0
Tail length0.83.14.4-2.02.0-2.10.0
Length with tail0.62.73.7-1.81.9-1.90.0
Length without tail0.41.21.7-1.21.3-1.20.0
Times rat made contact with spout0.20.30.40.6-0.50.60.0
Lifetime Intake2.53.04.2-2.02.0-2.00.0
Liver weight, left2.23.65.3-2.22.3-2.10.0
Liver weight, right1.62.94.0-2.01.9-2.00.0
Locomotor activity1.21.93.0-1.71.5-1.50.0
Locomotor testing distance1.01.72.8-1.71.5-1.40.0
Locomotor testing rearing3.67.310.2-3.23.1-3.00.0
Locomotion in novel chamber0.70.91.31.1-1.01.20.0
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction0.61.01.81.1-1.01.30.0
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 10.20.30.5-0.70.7-0.40.0
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task0.70.71.11.0-1.00.90.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 10.00.00.10.00.10.30.0
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 12.73.14.52.1-1.92.00.0
Total resting periods, locomotor time 13.03.45.02.2-2.02.10.0
Rest time, locomotor task time 10.10.10.20.5-0.20.50.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 10.30.50.9-0.90.6-0.90.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.00.10.1-0.40.2-0.30.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 20.00.00.1-0.10.2-0.00.0
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 23.75.98.02.8-2.82.80.0
Total resting periods, locomotor time 23.25.77.82.7-2.72.80.0
Rest time, locomotor task time 20.20.30.50.7-0.50.60.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 20.60.81.3-1.00.8-1.20.0
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 20.00.00.1-0.10.1-0.30.0
Light reinforcement 10.10.20.3-0.50.6-0.30.0
Light reinforcement 20.50.71.1-1.01.1-1.00.0
Bone: marrow area0.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.10.0
Bone: maximum diameter1.93.64.9-2.22.2-2.20.0
Bone: maximum force0.30.50.7-0.80.8-0.80.0
Bone: maximum moment0.40.71.0-1.00.9-1.00.0
Mean time between licks in bursts0.00.00.00.0-0.10.00.0
Mean num. licks in bursts2.94.56.12.5-2.42.50.0
Cd content in liver0.20.30.50.6-0.50.70.0
Co content in liver0.80.91.31.0-1.11.20.0
Cu content in liver0.40.50.8-0.70.7-0.90.0
Fe content in liver2.63.14.3-2.12.0-2.00.0
K content in liver0.30.30.4-0.60.5-0.60.0
Mg content in liver0.60.60.9-0.90.8-0.90.0
Mn content in liver0.70.81.4-1.00.9-1.20.0
Na content in liver0.00.00.0-0.0-0.1-0.10.0
Rb content in liver0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.20.0
Se content in liver3.84.56.2-2.52.4-2.40.0
Sr content in liver0.10.10.1-0.30.3-0.30.0
Zn content in liver1.61.82.6-1.61.6-1.50.0
Bone: minimum diameter0.40.70.9-0.90.9-1.00.0
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 10.50.50.8-0.80.8-0.90.0
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.00.00.1-0.20.3-0.10.0
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 10.30.40.50.7-0.70.70.0
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.81.21.81.3-1.21.30.0
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.30.30.5-0.70.7-0.60.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.30.30.40.6-0.70.60.0
Total zone transitions, hab. session 20.30.40.6-0.80.8-0.60.0
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 20.40.50.80.7-0.80.90.0
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 20.20.20.40.5-0.50.70.0
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.50.50.7-0.90.8-0.80.0
Novelty place preference0.40.40.6-0.80.8-0.70.0
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.40.50.7-0.80.8-0.80.0
Total zone transitions, NPP test0.10.10.2-0.40.4-0.30.0
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.10.0
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.00.00.1-0.20.2-0.10.0
Intraocular pressure0.00.10.10.3-0.20.40.0
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin0.70.71.21.0-1.10.90.0
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.10.20.40.5-0.60.30.0
Parametrial fat weight0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.40.50.80.9-0.90.70.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.20.20.3-0.60.5-0.50.0
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.30.30.60.6-0.60.70.0
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.30.40.6-0.80.7-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.10.10.2-0.50.4-0.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.30.30.5-0.70.7-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.30.40.6-0.80.8-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.91.21.7-1.31.3-1.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.10.10.20.4-0.40.30.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.00.00.0-0.00.00.00.0
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.20.30.40.6-0.60.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.00.00.00.0-0.00.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.00.00.00.2-0.20.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.20.30.4-0.60.6-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.20.30.4-0.60.6-0.60.0
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.00.00.0-0.00.2-0.10.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.00.00.0-0.10.1-0.00.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.00.00.1-0.20.2-0.10.0
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.40.50.8-0.80.9-0.90.0
Time in closed arm after self-admin1.41.52.21.3-1.51.40.0
Time in open arm before self-admin0.30.40.60.6-0.70.80.0
Time in open arm after self-admin0.00.00.1-0.10.1-0.30.0
Bone: periosteal estimation0.30.71.0-1.01.0-1.00.0
Bone: periosteal perimeter0.50.91.3-1.11.1-1.10.0
Bone: post-yield work0.20.30.50.7-0.70.50.0
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses3.44.25.7-2.32.4-2.40.0
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint3.13.85.2-2.22.3-2.30.0
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses2.13.04.1-2.02.0-1.90.0
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses3.43.95.8-2.32.4-2.20.0
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint3.74.26.1-2.32.5-2.30.0
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses1.32.03.3-1.61.8-1.50.0
Incentive Sensitization - Responses1.62.23.4-1.71.9-1.50.0
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint1.62.13.3-1.71.8-1.50.0
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.70.60.91.0-0.90.90.0
Progressive ratio0.91.42.11.2-1.41.50.0
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock2.22.74.61.8-1.82.10.0
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort0.00.10.10.3-0.20.30.0
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.00.10.1-0.30.2-0.30.0
Reaction time number correct1.73.34.4-2.12.1-2.10.0
Reaction time mean minus median0.41.11.71.3-1.11.20.0
Reaction time mean minus median AUC0.10.20.30.5-0.40.40.0
Reaction time num false alarms4.15.88.1-2.92.7-2.80.0
Reaction time num false alarms AUC3.45.47.5-2.72.6-2.60.0
Reaction time trials correct on left1.73.34.4-2.12.1-2.10.0
Reaction time trials on left1.83.34.5-2.12.1-2.10.0
Reaction time mean1.42.23.01.7-1.71.70.0
Reaction time mean AUC1.01.62.21.5-1.51.50.0
Median of all reaction times1.21.82.41.5-1.61.50.0
Reaction time omissions0.00.10.1-0.30.3-0.30.0
Reaction time false alarm rate0.50.71.0-1.00.9-0.90.0
Reaction time premature initiation rate0.20.30.60.5-0.70.70.0
Reaction time premature initiations0.00.10.2-0.40.3-0.20.0
Std. dev. reaction times0.61.01.51.2-1.11.20.0
Reaction time trials completed1.83.34.5-2.12.1-2.10.0
Reaction time trials AUC2.34.35.8-2.42.4-2.40.0
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females0.50.40.91.0-0.80.50.0
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males0.20.20.5-0.50.7-0.50.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.10.10.20.3-0.40.20.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.10.10.2-0.40.2-0.40.0
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M0.20.20.20.5-0.50.40.0
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts0.10.10.2-0.50.4-0.50.0
Total sessions with >9 infusions3.13.75.1-2.22.2-2.30.0
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses2.12.73.9-1.92.0-1.80.0
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.40.91.51.1-1.21.00.0
Short access day 1 total infusions1.92.53.4-1.81.8-1.80.0
Short access day 10 total infusions3.44.46.0-2.52.4-2.40.0
Short access total infusions2.53.14.3-2.12.0-2.10.0
Short access day 1 locomotion3.64.56.5-2.52.3-2.50.0
Short access day 10 total locomotion0.00.00.00.2-0.10.20.0
Short access total locomotion0.80.91.3-1.11.1-1.20.0
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)0.20.20.5-0.50.7-0.50.0
Compulsive drug intake0.00.00.0-0.10.2-0.10.0
One hour access (shock baseline)1.01.52.1-1.41.4-1.50.0
Social response proportion0.40.50.8-0.60.9-0.90.0
Social responses0.60.81.2-1.01.1-0.90.0
Social time1.92.63.61.9-1.81.90.0
Soleus weight0.10.40.7-0.80.8-0.70.0
Bone: stiffness0.71.21.8-1.21.2-1.30.0
Tibialis anterior weight3.311.315.4-3.93.9-3.90.0
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin1.41.42.4-1.41.2-1.60.0
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin0.20.30.40.6-0.60.70.0
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin0.40.40.80.7-0.90.40.0
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin0.00.00.0-0.00.0-0.10.0
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.30.30.50.6-0.30.70.0
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.80.91.5-1.11.2-0.90.0
Tibia length0.30.71.0-1.01.0-1.00.0
Ambulatory time before self-admin0.00.10.10.3-0.20.30.0
Ambulatory time after self-admin0.91.11.71.3-1.31.10.0
Bone: tissue strength0.30.30.40.6-0.70.60.0
Total heroin consumption0.00.00.0-0.20.2-0.10.0
Bone: trabecular number0.00.00.0-0.1-0.1-0.20.0
Bone: trabecular spacing0.00.00.00.00.10.10.0
Bone: trabecular thickness1.11.32.0-1.31.4-1.30.0
Bone: trabecular tissue density0.00.10.1-0.20.4-0.30.0
Water consumed over 24 hours0.40.50.70.8-0.80.90.0
Number of responses in last shaping day1.51.62.4-1.41.5-1.50.0