Hmga1

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 Liver gene expression Hmga1 0.07 0.04 1.5e-03 -0 0.01 0 0 4.2e-01 3.9e-02 2.2e-01 1.1e-01
2 NAcc gene expression Hmga1 0.02 0.01 6.7e-03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0 5.7e-02 2.7e-03 4.5e-03 9.0e-02
3 NAcc alternative polyA XM_006256164.3 0.02 0.01 9.2e-03 0.02 0 0 0.01 1.6e-03 1.2e-01 1.9e-01 2.9e-02
4 Eye intron excision ratio chr20_5611755_5612000 0.41 0.16 5.9e-03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 7.0e-01 9.0e-01 5.3e-01 9.0e-01

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4
Bone: apparent density0.00.10.20.20.4-0.10.0
Area under the delay curve0.10.10.2-0.40.1-0.30.5
BMI with tail2.06.68.3-2.4-2.22.7-2.9
BMI without tail0.71.53.2-1.0-1.81.1-0.9
Body weight0.72.85.6-1.1-1.11.8-2.4
Weight adjusted by age0.10.10.20.20.4-0.20.2
Bone surface0.50.81.71.31.0-0.60.4
Bone volume0.10.10.20.50.4-0.20.2
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session0.40.51.70.0-0.11.3-0.3
Number of licking bursts1.31.52.81.71.3-1.00.9
Context. condit. distance diff. score5.66.810.43.13.2-1.91.9
Locomotion velocity, session 12.52.74.31.21.4-2.11.8
Locomotion distance, session 10.91.22.30.70.7-1.51.2
Locomotion velocity, session 21.11.21.91.41.0-1.11.0
Locomotion distance, session 20.71.01.30.81.1-1.10.8
Locomotion velocity, session 30.30.40.9-0.0-0.4-0.71.0
Locomotion distance, session 31.01.12.20.60.7-1.21.5
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 30.60.71.71.30.9-0.30.6
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 30.30.40.70.60.4-0.70.8
Locomotion velocity, session 71.11.22.30.71.5-0.91.1
Locomotion distance, session 71.82.22.90.81.6-1.71.7
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 70.40.50.8-0.7-0.9-0.40.7
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 70.30.41.0-0.7-1.00.10.1
Locomotion velocity, session 85.36.48.83.02.8-2.02.2
Locomotion distance, session 84.76.910.33.03.2-2.12.0
Degree of sensitization distance0.40.40.70.80.80.1-0.4
Degree of sensitization stereotypy0.50.51.0-0.8-1.0-0.40.6
Conditioned locomotion0.80.92.10.40.21.2-1.5
Cocaine response after cond. corrected0.60.71.40.30.31.0-1.2
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected0.30.30.70.80.50.3-0.5
Cocaine response before conditioning0.91.12.00.90.2-1.41.2
Saline control response5.97.79.8-2.9-3.12.5-2.5
Bone: connectivity density0.30.51.30.91.1-0.2-0.1
Bone: cortical apparent density1.72.32.9-1.6-1.71.3-1.4
Bone: cortical area0.00.00.1-0.1-0.3-0.1-0.1
Bone: cortical porosity1.31.42.5-0.9-0.5-1.41.6
Bone: cortical porosity1.31.42.9-0.20.2-1.61.7
Bone: cortical thickness1.62.74.7-2.1-2.20.8-1.0
Bone: cortical thickness3.94.65.9-2.1-2.41.9-2.1
Bone: cortical tissue density1.51.92.5-1.4-1.61.2-1.4
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.20.20.6-0.20.0-0.80.5
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio1.01.01.4-1.1-1.20.7-1.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.00.10.2-0.4-0.0-0.2-0.2
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.10.10.1-0.30.10.2-0.3
Incentive salience index mean1.11.42.01.11.4-1.20.9
Condit. Reinf. lever presses2.23.05.32.02.3-1.21.0
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.50.61.40.40.3-1.21.0
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.40.50.80.50.5-0.90.7
Condit. Reinf. active responses0.40.51.20.30.2-1.10.9
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses0.10.10.3-0.3-0.60.1-0.1
Condit. Reinf. lever presses0.50.72.0-0.10.1-1.40.9
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.60.92.10.40.3-1.41.1
Conditioned reinforcement - actives0.30.30.60.20.7-0.80.3
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives0.30.30.5-0.6-0.5-0.70.3
Conditioned locomotion0.70.91.80.31.3-1.10.7
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec3.04.86.7-2.4-2.61.6-2.0
Patch foraging indifference point AUC0.91.11.81.30.4-1.40.8
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay0.40.40.90.50.9-0.40.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay0.30.30.7-0.9-0.4-0.40.4
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay0.40.40.50.30.7-0.70.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay0.70.72.0-1.4-0.7-0.10.4
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay0.00.00.1-0.0-0.10.30.1
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.10.10.2-0.50.1-0.10.2
Indifference point function ln k0.40.51.00.50.6-0.61.0
Indifference point function log k0.40.51.00.50.6-0.61.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec3.35.37.7-2.6-2.81.6-2.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec1.11.42.9-1.2-1.70.5-1.0
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec4.25.46.8-2.2-2.51.9-2.6
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec2.22.64.0-2.0-1.90.8-1.5
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec2.94.26.4-2.5-2.51.2-1.6
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec3.24.97.7-1.9-1.62.8-2.4
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.30.41.10.40.5-1.10.3
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec0.10.10.2-0.4-0.4-0.40.2
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec0.10.10.2-0.4-0.30.1-0.4
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec0.00.10.10.1-0.1-0.30.4
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec0.10.10.30.20.1-0.60.3
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock0.50.61.7-0.3-1.30.7-0.5
Distance traveled before self-admin0.60.71.51.20.60.7-0.5
Distance traveled after self-admin0.60.61.40.3-0.61.2-0.8
Extensor digitorum longus weight0.72.94.42.12.0-1.41.0
Bone: elastic displacement0.70.81.3-1.1-0.7-0.90.9
Bone: elastic work0.30.41.2-1.1-0.7-0.00.1
Bone: endosteal estimation0.61.33.01.71.20.5-0.4
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.81.84.32.11.70.2-0.1
Epididymis fat weight8.720.229.2-5.4-4.93.7-3.7
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin0.30.30.4-0.7-0.30.6-0.3
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin0.00.00.0-0.0-0.0-0.00.1
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions0.20.20.50.40.70.30.0
Delay discount exponential model param0.20.20.40.4-0.10.4-0.6
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming0.00.00.00.20.20.10.0
Active lever presses in extinction session 60.90.92.0-1.4-0.60.9-0.7
Bone: final force3.76.07.5-2.1-2.22.7-2.7
Bone: final moment2.54.05.0-1.9-1.82.2-2.1
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period1.11.32.7-0.0-0.11.5-1.7
Glucose8.312.418.23.64.3-3.03.1
Heart weight1.72.44.90.50.7-2.22.1
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.20.20.40.3-0.10.4-0.6
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change0.60.61.2-0.4-1.11.0-0.3
Intermittent access intake escalation0.30.31.00.3-0.41.0-0.2
Intermittent access intake escalation 22.32.34.12.01.7-0.71.3
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.20.20.90.90.10.1-0.1
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.70.71.3-0.4-1.20.9-0.8
Intermitt. access escalation Index0.40.30.91.00.60.30.0
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions1.01.12.1-0.01.0-1.51.2
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions0.00.00.1-0.10.1-0.10.3
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)0.20.20.5-0.10.3-0.60.7
Intermittent access total infusions0.30.40.7-0.30.4-0.90.7
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion0.20.20.40.20.5-0.70.2
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion0.10.10.4-0.10.10.6-0.3
Intermittent access total locomotion0.10.10.20.10.4-0.0-0.4
Intermittent access standard deviation2.52.64.0-1.4-2.01.5-1.5
Left kidney weight0.20.40.7-0.5-0.50.7-0.8
Right kidney weight0.10.40.80.3-0.30.7-0.9
Cocaine induced anxiety0.91.02.81.70.80.4-0.6
Post-drug Anxiety0.70.81.81.30.60.4-1.0
Baseline Anxiety0.60.71.8-1.3-0.90.1-0.3
Tail length1.54.77.42.71.6-2.12.1
Length with tail0.51.82.71.61.4-1.30.8
Length without tail0.10.30.70.10.70.1-0.8
Times rat made contact with spout1.01.22.6-1.6-1.50.1-0.3
Lifetime Intake0.30.40.6-0.30.4-0.80.7
Liver weight, left0.30.51.01.00.50.4-0.8
Liver weight, right3.65.911.63.42.4-2.01.5
Locomotor activity0.10.20.50.4-0.70.30.3
Locomotor testing distance0.30.61.0-0.2-1.01.0-0.5
Locomotor testing rearing0.60.91.80.2-0.41.4-1.2
Locomotion in novel chamber0.20.30.60.20.4-0.60.8
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction1.11.31.8-1.1-0.91.3-1.1
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 10.10.10.2-0.30.30.4-0.4
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task0.10.10.20.50.2-0.10.1
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 12.72.76.00.2-0.32.4-2.2
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 10.20.30.80.90.4-0.00.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 10.40.41.21.10.6-0.20.3
Rest time, locomotor task time 11.21.41.91.11.1-1.41.1
Distance moved, locomotor task time 11.61.72.4-1.2-1.31.5-1.2
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 14.95.27.8-1.8-2.02.8-2.4
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 22.02.14.7-0.9-0.52.2-1.6
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 20.20.20.90.90.0-0.20.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 20.90.92.01.40.5-0.80.9
Rest time, locomotor task time 22.42.75.82.41.9-0.80.9
Distance moved, locomotor task time 22.83.25.2-2.3-1.51.6-1.7
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 22.42.63.5-1.9-1.21.6-1.7
Light reinforcement 12.34.28.3-0.7-1.42.5-2.9
Light reinforcement 21.31.74.1-0.1-0.51.6-2.0
Bone: marrow area0.51.22.71.61.10.6-0.5
Bone: maximum diameter1.93.46.02.52.2-1.31.1
Bone: maximum force0.81.41.7-1.1-1.11.2-1.3
Bone: maximum moment0.30.50.7-0.8-0.70.7-0.7
Mean time between licks in bursts6.38.812.33.53.0-2.82.5
Mean num. licks in bursts2.12.55.2-2.3-1.90.7-0.8
Cd content in liver1.71.82.5-1.6-0.61.6-1.4
Co content in liver4.75.66.1-2.3-2.22.5-2.5
Cu content in liver0.40.51.4-1.2-0.5-0.20.5
Fe content in liver0.20.30.9-0.9-0.40.3-0.1
K content in liver3.63.64.11.91.9-2.01.7
Mg content in liver9.39.510.53.23.2-3.22.7
Mn content in liver6.77.711.93.43.1-2.32.0
Na content in liver0.10.10.30.30.2-0.40.5
Rb content in liver0.50.61.70.71.3-0.0-0.4
Se content in liver11.714.316.83.63.3-4.14.1
Sr content in liver0.10.10.2-0.20.40.4-0.1
Zn content in liver1.31.42.90.91.7-1.00.9
Bone: minimum diameter0.40.81.91.41.10.0-0.3
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 10.40.41.2-1.1-0.7-0.00.0
Time in novel zone, hab. session 10.20.20.60.80.5-0.10.3
Total zone transitions, hab. session 10.60.81.50.60.4-1.21.1
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 11.01.42.51.10.8-1.61.2
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 10.91.32.50.90.6-1.61.2
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.20.20.50.2-0.70.4-0.2
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.20.20.7-0.80.10.1-0.2
Total zone transitions, hab. session 20.20.30.91.00.4-0.30.2
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 20.70.92.01.40.9-0.90.5
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 21.31.72.91.71.2-1.31.0
Novel to familiar place preference ratio0.10.20.5-0.7-0.30.0-0.1
Novelty place preference0.10.10.4-0.6-0.3-0.10.1
Time in novel zone, NPP test0.10.10.3-0.6-0.2-0.10.1
Total zone transitions, NPP test1.31.82.41.31.3-1.51.2
Total locomotion distance, NPP test0.40.61.20.61.1-0.80.2
Locomotion velocity, NPP test0.40.61.10.71.1-0.80.3
Intraocular pressure0.10.20.50.00.10.4-0.7
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin0.50.51.2-0.9-1.10.30.1
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin0.20.20.5-0.4-0.70.3-0.2
Parametrial fat weight1.22.43.9-0.8-1.31.8-2.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency6.68.49.8-2.5-2.93.1-3.1
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency4.66.08.02.32.1-2.82.5
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts1.41.52.31.00.9-1.51.4
Pavlov. Cond. index score6.58.210.22.52.7-3.23.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score6.27.99.72.52.7-3.12.9
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts5.86.87.62.22.7-2.82.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number3.74.66.6-2.0-1.72.6-2.2
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries1.72.13.4-1.8-1.31.2-1.3
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.6.47.910.02.42.7-3.23.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias7.08.510.82.52.7-3.33.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency0.60.82.20.30.01.5-1.0
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency0.10.20.50.30.7-0.20.2
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.30.40.5-0.7-0.6-0.70.5
Pavlov. Cond. index score0.30.30.8-0.10.2-0.90.7
Pavlov. Cond. latency score0.20.30.6-0.10.2-0.80.6
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.40.61.0-1.0-0.8-0.70.2
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.00.10.10.3-0.0-0.20.3
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries1.62.24.82.21.2-1.11.2
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.0.20.20.5-0.20.1-0.70.5
Pavlov. Cond. response bias0.30.41.2-0.4-0.1-1.10.6
Time in closed arm before self-admin0.00.10.1-0.00.3-0.10.3
Time in closed arm after self-admin0.20.20.6-0.8-0.20.00.3
Time in open arm before self-admin0.80.81.60.50.4-1.31.1
Time in open arm after self-admin0.80.91.40.80.7-1.21.0
Bone: periosteal estimation0.20.41.01.00.50.4-0.5
Bone: periosteal perimeter0.10.20.40.60.30.3-0.4
Bone: post-yield work0.40.61.31.11.1-0.1-0.0
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses0.60.71.1-0.30.6-1.11.1
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint0.50.61.0-0.40.5-0.91.0
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses0.80.91.1-1.1-1.00.9-0.8
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses0.00.00.1-0.10.2-0.10.3
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint0.00.10.1-0.20.1-0.20.4
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses0.80.91.20.70.9-1.11.0
Incentive Sensitization - Responses0.10.10.20.50.00.00.2
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint0.10.10.30.50.00.30.0
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-60.40.40.60.10.6-0.80.7
Progressive ratio4.14.76.0-1.6-2.42.4-2.0
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock0.50.61.7-1.3-0.90.3-0.2
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort1.72.13.20.71.4-1.81.6
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.31.01.5-1.2-0.91.0-0.8
Reaction time number correct2.02.93.7-1.7-1.91.8-1.2
Reaction time mean minus median3.34.47.22.72.5-1.71.2
Reaction time mean minus median AUC3.24.26.72.22.6-1.81.4
Reaction time num false alarms0.40.61.51.20.4-0.80.4
Reaction time num false alarms AUC0.60.91.81.30.3-1.00.6
Reaction time trials correct on left2.02.93.7-1.7-1.91.8-1.2
Reaction time trials on left2.02.83.5-1.7-1.91.8-1.2
Reaction time mean1.82.55.42.02.3-0.70.4
Reaction time mean AUC1.52.14.71.82.2-0.50.3
Median of all reaction times0.91.22.91.41.70.0-0.1
Reaction time omissions1.21.73.81.91.7-0.50.3
Reaction time false alarm rate2.43.44.62.21.5-2.11.5
Reaction time premature initiation rate0.10.10.3-0.3-0.20.3-0.5
Reaction time premature initiations1.41.92.2-1.4-1.31.5-1.4
Std. dev. reaction times3.24.57.02.62.5-1.81.2
Reaction time trials completed2.02.83.5-1.7-1.91.8-1.2
Reaction time trials AUC2.02.93.6-1.7-1.91.9-1.3
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females0.80.72.4-1.5-0.70.20.1
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males2.72.63.61.91.7-1.51.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway0.20.20.40.50.7-0.40.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.30.30.50.60.7-0.50.1
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M0.00.00.1-0.1-0.2-0.1-0.0
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts7.28.711.33.43.0-2.62.7
Total sessions with >9 infusions0.60.61.00.10.9-1.00.8
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses2.22.53.61.21.9-1.21.9
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses0.60.71.11.0-0.60.9-0.7
Short access day 1 total infusions2.22.34.20.41.3-1.82.0
Short access day 10 total infusions0.00.00.1-0.2-0.1-0.10.2
Short access total infusions0.50.61.2-0.30.5-0.91.1
Short access day 1 locomotion0.50.50.60.70.7-0.60.7
Short access day 10 total locomotion1.11.32.61.61.0-1.00.7
Short access total locomotion0.20.20.30.60.5-0.40.2
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)1.11.31.61.21.3-0.81.1
Compulsive drug intake1.01.01.41.21.2-0.21.1
One hour access (shock baseline)0.40.41.00.30.7-1.00.4
Social response proportion0.10.10.10.40.2-0.2-0.2
Social responses0.10.10.20.5-0.20.0-0.1
Social time2.83.710.03.21.9-0.90.8
Soleus weight4.011.818.74.34.0-2.72.3
Bone: stiffness1.11.83.2-0.8-1.21.4-1.8
Tibialis anterior weight0.00.00.1-0.1-0.3-0.2-0.1
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin0.90.91.51.0-0.01.1-1.2
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin0.30.30.60.80.50.5-0.3
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin0.20.20.7-0.2-0.80.2-0.3
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin1.01.01.61.00.7-0.91.3
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA0.30.30.5-0.70.2-0.40.6
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA0.10.10.2-0.10.20.40.0
Tibia length0.41.02.71.60.70.8-0.5
Ambulatory time before self-admin0.20.20.50.70.30.5-0.1
Ambulatory time after self-admin0.20.30.60.4-0.40.8-0.3
Bone: tissue strength0.30.30.6-0.8-0.20.7-0.3
Total heroin consumption0.00.10.20.1-0.20.4-0.1
Bone: trabecular number0.00.00.10.10.3-0.20.1
Bone: trabecular spacing0.50.70.8-0.8-0.90.9-0.7
Bone: trabecular thickness0.10.10.30.30.50.1-0.2
Bone: trabecular tissue density0.50.71.50.30.2-1.21.2
Water consumed over 24 hours0.20.20.50.50.7-0.2-0.1
Number of responses in last shaping day6.36.512.11.12.1-2.93.5