Grm4

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R² and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

#	Tissue	Modality	RNA phenotype	h²	h² SE	h² P	xQTL R²	BLUP R²	ENET R²	LASSO R²	xQTL P	BLUP P	ENET P	LASSO P
1	NAcc	gene expression	Grm4	0.16	0.07	6.0e-09	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.03	2.8e-03	1.3e-08	1.2e-08	8.3e-06
2	PL	gene expression	Grm4	0.05	0.03	6.3e-04	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	3.4e-03	7.8e-04	1.3e-03	7.6e-04
3	Brain	isoform ratio	NM_022666.2	0.03	0.02	8.3e-03	0	0	-0	-0	1.3e-01	2.3e-01	3.8e-01	3.8e-01
4	Brain	alternative TSS	XM_063278955.1	0.03	0.02	9.2e-03	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	3.2e-04	4.0e-03	6.3e-03	2.9e-03
5	Brain	alternative TSS	NM_022666.2	0.04	0.03	6.0e-03	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03	2.0e-04	3.3e-03	5.6e-03	1.8e-03
6	Brain	alternative TSS	XM_063278955.1	0.04	0.03	5.2e-03	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03	1.8e-04	2.8e-03	4.5e-03	1.7e-03
7	Brain	alternative TSS	NM_022666.2	0.03	0.03	8.4e-03	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	2.9e-04	3.6e-03	6.9e-03	3.0e-03
8	Brain	mRNA stability	Grm4	0.27	0.1	0.0e+00	0.18	0.21	0.22	0.22	1.2e-16	2.4e-19	2.9e-20	2.1e-20
9	IC	gene expression	Grm4	0.17	0.08	6.3e-05	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	6.2e-04	5.6e-04	8.8e-04	3.3e-04

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait	Avg chi² ratio	Avg chi²	Max chi²	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Bone: apparent density	0.2	0.3	1.2	0.8	1.1	0.4	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	-0.7	-0.1
Area under the delay curve	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.4	-1.0	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
BMI with tail	1.7	5.8	14.6	-3.8	-1.7	3.2	-2.4	2.4	-2.4	2.4	1.2	-0.6
BMI without tail	1.2	3.7	6.7	-2.2	-2.6	2.0	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	1.6	2.4	-1.4
Body weight	1.5	6.6	11.2	-0.8	-2.6	2.5	-3.4	3.4	-3.4	3.4	0.3	0.6
Weight adjusted by age	0.3	0.5	2.2	-0.5	-1.0	-0.2	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.5	1.5
Bone surface	0.3	0.5	1.4	1.2	1.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-1.1	0.6
Bone volume	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.6	0.1
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session	1.1	1.3	2.8	-0.4	0.6	0.2	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-0.0	-0.3
Number of licking bursts	0.6	0.9	2.2	0.7	1.5	-0.9	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	-1.1	0.9
Context. condit. distance diff. score	3.7	4.4	13.5	1.6	3.7	-1.9	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	-3.0	2.2
Locomotion velocity, session 1	2.3	2.5	5.5	2.4	0.8	-1.8	1.8	-1.8	1.8	-1.8	-0.4	0.2
Locomotion distance, session 1	1.5	1.9	3.6	0.6	0.8	-1.3	1.9	-1.9	1.9	-1.9	-0.1	-0.4
Locomotion velocity, session 2	0.7	0.9	2.5	1.6	1.0	-1.0	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	-0.6	0.2
Locomotion distance, session 2	0.7	1.0	1.4	0.2	1.2	-0.9	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	-0.9	0.7
Locomotion velocity, session 3	1.0	1.1	1.9	0.7	-0.6	-0.9	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	0.9	-1.4
Locomotion distance, session 3	1.6	1.7	2.9	0.8	1.0	-1.5	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	-0.1	-0.5
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 3	0.2	0.3	0.9	0.7	-0.0	-0.5	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.8	0.9
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 3	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.8	-0.6	-0.7	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.1	0.3
Locomotion velocity, session 7	1.4	1.5	3.3	0.6	1.8	-1.0	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	-1.8	1.0
Locomotion distance, session 7	1.7	2.1	4.1	0.9	2.0	-1.7	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	-0.9	0.5
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 7	1.3	1.5	3.4	1.8	-1.2	-0.6	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	1.8	-1.8
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 7	0.6	0.7	1.8	1.0	-1.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	1.3	-1.4
Locomotion velocity, session 8	2.5	3.0	5.9	2.4	2.2	-2.1	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	-2.2	1.8
Locomotion distance, session 8	3.5	5.0	13.4	1.0	3.7	-2.1	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	-3.1	2.2
Degree of sensitization distance	0.7	0.7	1.6	-0.2	0.8	0.4	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-1.0	1.3
Degree of sensitization stereotypy	1.4	1.6	4.1	1.5	-0.7	-0.7	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.7	-2.0
Conditioned locomotion	1.9	2.2	3.6	-0.8	0.6	1.4	-1.9	1.9	-1.9	1.9	-1.0	1.0
Cocaine response after cond. corrected	1.0	1.2	2.6	-1.6	0.9	1.3	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-1.4	1.4
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected	0.4	0.4	1.1	-0.8	0.4	0.7	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-1.0	1.1
Cocaine response before conditioning	0.8	1.0	2.5	1.6	-1.4	-1.2	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7
Saline control response	3.4	4.6	10.9	-0.6	-3.3	2.5	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	1.7	2.8	-2.2
Bone: connectivity density	0.5	0.7	2.7	0.5	1.5	0.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-1.6	0.9
Bone: cortical apparent density	0.9	1.2	3.0	-1.1	-1.7	1.5	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	0.8	-1.2
Bone: cortical area	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.4	-0.3
Bone: cortical porosity	2.2	2.4	4.7	1.5	-0.8	-1.7	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	2.2	-1.6
Bone: cortical porosity	1.9	2.0	3.5	1.9	-0.4	-1.7	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.3	-0.8
Bone: cortical thickness	1.0	1.7	5.1	-1.3	-1.6	0.9	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	2.0	-2.3
Bone: cortical thickness	2.2	2.6	4.9	-1.9	-1.9	2.2	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	1.8	-2.0
Bone: cortical tissue density	0.8	1.0	2.7	-0.9	-1.6	1.4	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	0.7	-1.1
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses	0.4	0.4	1.2	1.1	-0.1	-0.5	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.7	-0.4
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio	0.7	0.7	1.6	-0.0	-1.2	0.9	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	1.3	-0.8
Condit. Reinf. active responses	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.2	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.0
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.2	0.5	0.3	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	-0.5	0.1
Incentive salience index mean	0.8	1.0	2.6	1.2	1.6	-0.9	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	-0.8	1.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses	2.0	2.8	10.7	0.9	3.3	-1.1	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-2.6	2.3
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses	0.3	0.4	1.4	0.4	-0.7	-1.2	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.7	-0.1
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.0	-0.4	-0.9	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.3	0.4
Condit. Reinf. active responses	0.3	0.4	1.1	0.6	-0.5	-1.0	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.4
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses	0.2	0.2	0.9	0.5	-0.6	0.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.5	-1.0
Condit. Reinf. lever presses	0.9	1.2	1.9	1.4	0.2	-1.3	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.1	-0.7
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received	0.5	0.7	1.6	0.8	-0.4	-1.3	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.7	-0.5
Conditioned reinforcement - actives	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.9	-0.4	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	-0.9	0.2
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives	0.5	0.8	1.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.6	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	0.9	-0.1
Conditioned locomotion	0.4	0.5	1.3	1.1	-0.1	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-1.0	1.1
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec	1.6	2.9	9.6	-1.5	-3.1	2.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	1.9	-1.6
Patch foraging indifference point AUC	0.8	1.1	4.6	2.1	-0.2	-0.7	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	0.1	-0.6
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay	0.4	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.3	-0.6	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-1.1	1.0
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay	0.5	0.5	1.2	-0.6	-1.1	-0.3	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.9	-0.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	-0.6	-0.8	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	-0.7	0.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay	0.6	0.7	3.3	-1.0	-1.8	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	1.3	-0.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay	0.5	0.5	2.2	1.5	-1.3	-0.1	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-0.3
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay	0.1	0.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Indifference point function ln k	0.2	0.3	1.1	-0.3	0.9	-1.0	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-0.4	0.3
Indifference point function log k	0.2	0.3	1.1	-0.3	0.9	-1.0	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-0.4	0.3
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec	1.6	3.1	10.1	-1.6	-3.2	2.0	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	2.2	-1.8
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec	0.9	1.1	4.1	-0.6	-2.0	0.9	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	1.6	-1.6
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec	1.6	2.4	6.3	-1.2	-2.2	2.5	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	1.5	-1.7
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec	0.6	1.0	2.3	-0.7	-1.3	1.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	1.5	-1.5
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec	1.4	2.1	7.2	-1.4	-2.7	1.6	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	2.0	-1.8
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec	2.1	4.3	10.7	-3.3	-0.1	2.2	-2.4	2.4	-2.4	2.4	0.1	0.4
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec	0.2	0.4	1.1	0.0	-1.0	-0.0	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	-0.2	0.2
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec	0.4	0.8	1.7	0.2	-0.5	-0.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	0.5	-1.3
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec	0.1	0.2	0.9	-0.2	-0.9	0.6	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec	0.3	0.4	0.8	-0.1	-0.9	-0.3	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.1	-0.9
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec	0.3	0.4	0.7	-0.2	-0.6	-0.1	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.2	-0.7
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock	0.9	1.1	4.3	1.3	-1.3	0.5	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	0.9	-2.1
Distance traveled before self-admin	0.5	0.7	1.4	-0.3	0.9	0.4	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-1.2	0.6
Distance traveled after self-admin	0.8	1.0	2.0	0.3	-0.5	0.8	-1.4	1.4	-1.4	1.4	-0.3	-0.4
Extensor digitorum longus weight	0.4	1.6	3.9	2.0	1.3	-1.2	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	-1.6	1.5
Bone: elastic displacement	1.5	1.7	2.6	0.6	-1.2	-0.8	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.6	-1.2
Bone: elastic work	0.3	0.4	1.0	0.0	-1.0	-0.0	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	1.0	-0.7
Bone: endosteal estimation	1.4	3.0	6.2	1.0	0.6	0.3	-2.0	2.0	-2.0	2.0	-1.8	2.5
Bone: endosteal perimeter	1.2	2.6	6.2	0.6	1.8	-0.0	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-2.1	2.5
Epididymis fat weight	4.7	16.2	48.1	-6.9	-4.2	5.5	-2.4	2.4	-2.4	2.4	3.8	-3.7
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin	0.5	0.4	2.7	-1.6	-0.4	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.8	0.2
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin	0.3	0.3	1.8	1.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.8	-0.2
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions	0.7	0.9	3.8	-1.2	1.9	0.1	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-1.1	0.9
Delay discount exponential model param	0.2	0.2	1.1	-0.5	1.0	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming	0.4	0.5	1.4	-1.2	1.2	-0.3	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.7
Active lever presses in extinction session 6	0.3	0.3	1.3	-0.8	-0.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	1.1	0.1
Bone: final force	2.6	4.2	6.4	-2.3	-2.0	2.5	-2.3	2.3	-2.3	2.3	0.8	-0.6
Bone: final moment	1.7	2.8	3.8	-1.8	-1.8	2.0	-1.9	1.9	-1.9	1.9	0.7	-0.4
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period	2.2	3.0	5.1	-1.3	0.3	1.7	-2.3	2.3	-2.3	2.3	-0.6	1.3
Glucose	2.6	4.1	11.0	1.0	2.5	-2.4	1.3	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	-2.4	3.3
Heart weight	1.3	2.0	3.2	-0.3	-1.4	-1.1	1.8	-1.8	1.8	-1.8	1.3	0.2
Delay discount hyperbolic model param	0.3	0.4	1.1	-0.7	1.0	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.1	0.1
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change	0.5	1.0	1.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.6	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	1.3	0.4	-0.8
Intermittent access intake escalation	0.7	1.5	2.5	0.2	-1.2	0.9	-1.4	1.4	-1.4	1.4	1.1	-1.6
Intermittent access intake escalation 2	0.3	0.4	2.2	1.5	-0.0	-0.3	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses	0.2	0.7	2.3	-1.3	1.5	-0.4	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	-0.4	0.5
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses	0.1	0.2	0.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.5	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	0.2	0.0
Intermitt. access escalation Index	0.5	0.7	4.5	0.4	2.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.0
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions	1.1	1.8	3.0	1.1	0.2	-1.4	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	-0.5	1.0
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions	0.2	0.3	0.8	0.9	-0.8	-0.2	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.5	-0.6
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)	0.3	0.4	0.9	0.5	-1.0	-0.5	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.7	-0.5
Intermittent access total infusions	0.6	0.7	1.1	1.0	-0.6	-0.7	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	0.3	-0.1
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion	0.3	0.4	1.6	1.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-1.0	0.4
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion	0.6	1.0	1.8	0.6	-1.1	0.6	-1.4	1.4	-1.4	1.4	-0.3	0.4
Intermittent access total locomotion	0.4	0.5	2.8	1.7	-1.0	0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.6	0.2
Intermittent access standard deviation	1.2	2.6	4.6	-1.7	-2.1	1.6	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.5	1.6	-1.2
Left kidney weight	1.0	4.7	7.0	-0.1	-2.6	2.5	-2.6	2.6	-2.6	2.6	1.1	-0.9
Right kidney weight	1.4	6.2	10.7	-0.0	-2.4	2.7	-3.3	3.3	-3.3	3.3	0.1	-0.1
Cocaine induced anxiety	0.3	0.5	1.8	0.8	1.1	0.3	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-1.4	0.7
Post-drug Anxiety	0.2	0.2	1.1	-0.2	0.4	1.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.5	0.3
Baseline Anxiety	0.9	1.0	5.5	-2.3	-0.7	0.9	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	0.7	-0.2
Tail length	0.4	1.4	9.2	3.0	-1.3	-1.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.5
Length with tail	0.6	2.6	9.8	3.1	-1.4	-0.4	-1.4	1.4	-1.4	1.4	-1.1	1.7
Length without tail	1.1	3.7	6.3	0.1	-0.9	1.5	-2.2	2.2	-2.2	2.2	-2.0	2.5
Times rat made contact with spout	1.1	1.3	4.6	0.8	-1.1	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	1.8	-2.1
Lifetime Intake	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.9	-0.7	-0.6	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.3	0.1
Liver weight, left	1.4	2.4	3.7	1.3	0.9	0.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.9	1.8
Liver weight, right	1.4	2.5	7.6	2.8	1.2	-1.0	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-2.4	2.4
Locomotor activity	0.2	0.3	1.4	0.6	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.5	-1.2
Locomotor testing distance	0.2	0.4	0.9	-0.9	-0.2	0.5	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.1	-0.6
Locomotor testing rearing	0.7	1.5	2.4	-1.0	-0.4	1.2	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.1	0.2
Locomotion in novel chamber	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	-0.2	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction	0.9	1.5	2.4	-0.9	-1.2	1.3	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	1.6	0.3	-0.2
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 1	0.4	0.5	1.0	-0.4	0.5	0.5	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.9	1.0
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task	0.4	0.4	2.8	-1.7	-0.2	0.4	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.1	0.5
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 1	3.8	4.0	6.3	-1.7	0.3	2.2	-2.5	2.5	-2.5	2.5	-1.2	1.1
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 1	0.6	0.7	3.1	1.8	0.9	-0.2	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.4	-0.6
Total resting periods, locomotor time 1	0.6	0.7	3.2	1.8	0.9	-0.1	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	-0.2
Rest time, locomotor task time 1	1.4	1.8	8.9	3.0	0.7	-1.2	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-0.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 1	1.1	1.6	5.8	-2.4	-1.1	1.1	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.2	0.9	0.1
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 1	2.0	4.7	8.5	-2.9	-1.8	2.3	-2.4	2.4	-2.4	2.4	1.2	-0.1
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 2	2.3	3.5	7.4	-2.7	-0.5	1.6	-2.1	2.1	-2.1	2.1	-0.4	1.6
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 2	0.9	1.5	11.6	3.4	-0.0	-0.5	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.0	-0.8
Total resting periods, locomotor time 2	1.1	1.9	14.7	3.8	0.4	-1.1	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.8
Rest time, locomotor task time 2	1.5	1.9	5.8	2.2	2.1	-0.8	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-2.4	1.0
Distance moved, locomotor task time 2	2.6	3.1	10.4	-3.2	-1.7	1.8	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.5	1.3	0.5
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 2	1.7	2.4	7.7	-2.8	-1.5	1.6	-1.4	1.4	-1.4	1.4	0.8	0.7
Light reinforcement 1	1.3	3.2	6.3	-1.9	-0.3	2.5	-2.1	2.1	-2.1	2.1	-0.6	0.2
Light reinforcement 2	1.6	2.4	4.0	-0.6	-0.1	1.8	-2.0	2.0	-2.0	2.0	-1.2	0.8
Bone: marrow area	1.5	3.2	6.1	0.9	0.4	0.4	-2.2	2.2	-2.2	2.2	-1.7	2.5
Bone: maximum diameter	0.9	1.7	3.5	1.8	1.9	-1.2	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-1.7	1.8
Bone: maximum force	0.6	1.0	1.5	-1.0	-1.2	1.2	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	0.1	-0.0
Bone: maximum moment	0.2	0.4	0.9	-0.6	-1.0	0.6	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.0	0.2
Mean time between licks in bursts	1.8	4.3	7.4	2.7	2.6	-2.7	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	-2.1	1.7
Mean num. licks in bursts	0.9	1.4	4.1	-0.0	-2.0	0.8	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	2.0	-2.0
Cd content in liver	1.3	1.4	3.3	-1.8	-0.1	1.4	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.1	1.4
Co content in liver	3.8	4.4	6.9	-2.6	-1.5	2.5	-2.4	2.4	-2.4	2.4	0.4	0.1
Cu content in liver	0.7	0.8	2.6	-0.8	-0.6	-0.0	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	1.4	-1.6
Fe content in liver	0.3	0.3	0.9	-0.5	-0.9	0.7	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	0.3	-0.3
K content in liver	1.5	1.4	2.1	1.4	1.5	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	-0.7	0.4
Mg content in liver	2.0	2.0	6.1	1.7	2.5	-1.1	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	-1.5	1.2
Mn content in liver	2.9	3.2	8.3	1.4	2.6	-1.7	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	-2.9	2.6
Na content in liver	0.6	0.6	2.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	1.2	-1.5
Rb content in liver	0.5	0.6	1.4	0.5	0.9	0.7	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-1.2	1.2
Se content in liver	3.8	4.5	8.4	2.5	1.5	-2.9	2.3	-2.3	2.3	-2.3	-0.7	0.9
Sr content in liver	0.4	0.4	1.5	-0.9	0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.7	1.2
Zn content in liver	0.9	1.0	2.6	0.2	0.8	-1.1	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	-1.4	1.6
Bone: minimum diameter	0.8	1.4	3.6	0.3	1.2	0.3	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.6	1.9
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 1	0.5	0.4	1.8	0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	1.0	-1.3
Time in novel zone, hab. session 1	0.2	0.2	0.7	-0.7	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.8	0.8
Total zone transitions, hab. session 1	1.3	1.8	3.6	-0.3	0.8	-1.2	1.9	-1.9	1.9	-1.9	0.2	-0.5
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 1	1.3	1.9	3.3	0.2	1.3	-1.3	1.8	-1.8	1.8	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 1	1.2	1.7	2.9	0.3	1.0	-1.3	1.7	-1.7	1.7	-1.7	0.2	-0.4
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 2	0.3	0.4	2.0	0.6	-0.5	0.2	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.5	-1.4
Time in novel zone, hab. session 2	0.1	0.1	0.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.2	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.7
Total zone transitions, hab. session 2	0.3	0.4	0.8	-0.6	0.9	-0.2	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	-0.6	-0.0
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 2	1.0	1.3	3.0	-0.2	1.7	-0.7	1.3	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	-0.8	0.1
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 2	1.4	1.9	4.3	-0.1	2.1	-1.1	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	-0.9	0.2
Novel to familiar place preference ratio	0.3	0.3	0.5	-0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.5	-0.1
Novelty place preference	0.3	0.3	0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.5	-0.1
Time in novel zone, NPP test	0.3	0.3	0.5	-0.0	-0.4	-0.1	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.4	-0.2
Total zone transitions, NPP test	1.5	2.1	3.3	0.5	1.8	-1.3	1.8	-1.8	1.8	-1.8	-0.9	0.5
Total locomotion distance, NPP test	0.9	1.2	2.8	-0.4	1.7	-0.4	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	-1.2	1.0
Locomotion velocity, NPP test	1.1	1.6	4.3	-0.9	2.1	-0.5	1.3	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	-1.0	1.0
Intraocular pressure	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.7	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.7	0.0
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin	0.6	0.6	2.8	0.5	-1.7	0.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	1.2	-0.9
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin	0.4	0.5	1.8	0.7	-1.3	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	0.7	-0.7
Parametrial fat weight	2.9	6.9	12.2	-1.3	-1.3	3.1	-3.5	3.5	-3.5	3.5	-0.3	-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency	5.0	6.3	10.0	-2.0	-2.8	3.2	-2.8	2.8	-2.8	2.8	1.2	-1.3
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency	3.4	4.4	9.6	3.1	1.5	-2.6	2.3	-2.3	2.3	-2.3	-0.4	0.1
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts	0.9	0.9	2.2	1.4	0.6	-1.5	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	0.1	0.1
Pavlov. Cond. index score	4.5	5.7	9.3	2.5	2.4	-3.1	2.6	-2.6	2.6	-2.6	-0.9	1.0
Pavlov. Cond. latency score	4.2	5.3	8.8	2.5	2.5	-3.0	2.5	-2.5	2.5	-2.5	-0.9	0.9
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts	3.8	4.5	7.2	1.3	2.7	-2.6	2.2	-2.2	2.2	-2.2	-1.4	1.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number	2.8	3.6	5.3	-2.3	-1.5	2.3	-2.2	2.2	-2.2	2.2	0.3	-0.2
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries	0.8	1.0	2.5	-1.6	-1.2	1.5	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	0.7	-0.4
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.	4.6	5.6	9.4	2.4	2.4	-3.1	2.6	-2.6	2.6	-2.6	-0.9	1.0
Pavlov. Cond. response bias	4.5	5.6	8.5	2.5	2.1	-2.9	2.7	-2.7	2.7	-2.7	-1.1	1.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency	0.9	1.3	2.1	-1.4	0.6	0.9	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.5	1.3
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency	0.3	0.4	1.5	1.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.5	0.8
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts	0.5	0.8	2.8	1.3	-0.6	-0.6	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	1.7	-1.2
Pavlov. Cond. index score	0.4	0.5	2.6	1.6	0.0	-0.8	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.6	-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. latency score	0.3	0.4	2.3	1.5	-0.1	-0.7	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.6	-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts	0.7	1.0	2.2	1.0	-0.6	-0.6	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	1.5	-1.2
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number	0.2	0.3	0.4	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries	0.4	0.5	1.3	1.1	1.2	-0.9	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-0.7	0.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.	0.3	0.4	2.3	1.5	-0.0	-0.7	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.7	-0.3
Pavlov. Cond. response bias	0.6	0.9	2.9	1.7	0.1	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.8	-0.6
Time in closed arm before self-admin	0.1	0.1	0.6	-0.4	0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.8	0.5
Time in closed arm after self-admin	0.5	0.6	1.0	-1.0	-0.1	-0.5	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.4	0.2
Time in open arm before self-admin	0.7	0.7	1.6	0.9	0.2	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	1.3	-0.6
Time in open arm after self-admin	0.5	0.6	3.4	1.8	-0.1	-0.4	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.2	-0.5
Bone: periosteal estimation	0.4	0.9	1.5	0.7	0.2	0.2	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-0.8	1.2
Bone: periosteal perimeter	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.1	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.3	0.7
Bone: post-yield work	1.0	1.5	4.6	0.8	1.2	-0.3	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-2.1	1.9
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses	0.2	0.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.1	0.8
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint	0.3	0.3	0.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	-0.1	0.8
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses	0.6	0.8	3.5	-1.9	-0.3	1.1	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.8	0.2	-0.0
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.1	0.2
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.0	0.0
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses	0.5	0.8	1.7	-0.2	0.9	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	-0.6	1.3
Incentive Sensitization - Responses	0.2	0.4	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.8	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint	0.2	0.3	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.6	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-6	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.3	-0.5	0.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	0.2
Progressive ratio	2.7	4.2	7.1	-1.7	-2.7	1.9	-2.1	2.1	-2.1	2.1	1.7	-1.8
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock	0.3	0.4	2.6	-0.2	-0.9	-0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	1.6	-0.5
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort	1.8	2.5	3.8	0.9	1.6	-1.8	2.0	-2.0	2.0	-2.0	-0.1	0.9
Retroperitoneal fat weight	0.2	0.8	1.3	-0.8	-0.2	1.2	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-0.3	0.3
Reaction time number correct	1.0	1.9	4.5	-2.1	-1.7	1.2	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	1.3	-1.4
Reaction time mean minus median	1.1	2.6	10.9	3.3	1.9	-1.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-2.0	1.8
Reaction time mean minus median AUC	1.1	2.7	8.1	2.9	1.9	-1.5	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-2.1	2.3
Reaction time num false alarms	0.2	0.2	1.2	1.1	0.5	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Reaction time num false alarms AUC	0.3	0.5	1.3	1.1	0.4	-0.6	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.3	-0.6
Reaction time trials correct on left	1.0	1.9	4.5	-2.1	-1.7	1.2	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	1.3	-1.4
Reaction time trials on left	1.0	1.9	4.2	-2.1	-1.7	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.2	1.2	-1.3
Reaction time mean	1.6	2.6	7.5	1.4	2.2	-0.6	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-2.6	2.7
Reaction time mean AUC	1.6	2.6	6.8	1.5	2.0	-0.5	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-2.5	2.6
Median of all reaction times	1.4	2.0	6.0	0.3	1.8	-0.2	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-2.3	2.5
Reaction time omissions	1.1	1.6	4.4	1.2	1.9	-0.3	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-2.1	1.6
Reaction time false alarm rate	1.4	1.9	4.7	2.2	1.3	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	-0.4	0.2
Reaction time premature initiation rate	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.5	-0.1	0.5	-0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3
Reaction time premature initiations	0.8	1.5	3.3	-1.8	-1.2	1.3	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.2	0.9	-0.5
Std. dev. reaction times	1.5	2.7	9.8	3.1	2.0	-1.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-2.0	2.1
Reaction time trials completed	1.0	1.9	4.2	-2.1	-1.7	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.2	1.2	-1.3
Reaction time trials AUC	1.0	1.9	4.7	-2.2	-1.6	1.3	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.2	1.1	-1.2
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females	0.2	0.2	0.7	-0.6	-0.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	0.8	0.2
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males	1.9	2.0	8.6	2.9	1.4	-1.3	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	-1.5	0.8
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway	1.1	1.3	4.1	-2.0	1.7	-0.5	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	-0.2	1.2
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F	0.6	0.6	1.7	-1.3	1.3	-0.4	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	-0.4	0.9
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M	0.6	0.5	3.0	-1.7	0.8	-0.0	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.4	0.7
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts	2.9	3.9	7.0	1.6	2.6	-2.6	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	-2.2	2.0
Total sessions with >9 infusions	0.5	0.6	1.3	1.2	-1.0	-0.6	0.7	-0.7	0.7	-0.7	0.6	-0.3
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses	0.5	0.6	1.9	1.0	0.4	-1.4	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.4	1.2
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses	0.2	0.5	1.6	-0.9	1.3	0.7	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	0.2	-0.8
Short access day 1 total infusions	0.4	0.6	1.2	0.2	-0.1	-1.1	0.9	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.3	0.7
Short access day 10 total infusions	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.9	-0.6	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.5
Short access total infusions	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	-0.5	-0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.3	0.3
Short access day 1 locomotion	0.2	0.2	1.2	-0.1	1.1	-0.5	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Short access day 10 total locomotion	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.7	0.3
Short access total locomotion	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.7	0.7
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)	1.6	1.8	2.4	1.4	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	1.5	-1.5	-1.1	0.0
Compulsive drug intake	1.6	1.9	9.4	-0.5	3.1	-0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-2.2	1.5
One hour access (shock baseline)	0.9	1.4	4.1	2.0	-1.1	-0.6	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	0.6	-0.7
Social response proportion	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.4	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.4
Social responses	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.4	-0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.3
Social time	1.1	1.5	5.0	1.8	2.2	-0.8	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	-2.0	0.8
Soleus weight	1.7	5.1	14.0	2.2	2.4	-2.3	1.1	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	-3.3	3.7
Bone: stiffness	1.0	1.6	2.6	-1.1	-0.9	1.6	-1.6	1.6	-1.6	1.6	0.0	-0.4
Tibialis anterior weight	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.4	-0.4	0.2	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.5	-0.6
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin	1.2	1.3	1.9	0.5	0.9	1.2	-1.3	1.3	-1.3	1.3	-1.4	-0.4
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.0	0.0	-0.0	-0.5	0.5
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin	0.5	0.5	2.5	1.2	-0.4	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.6	-1.6
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin	1.0	1.1	5.6	2.4	0.8	-1.3	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.8
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA	0.8	0.8	1.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.7	1.2	-1.2	1.2	-1.2	1.1	0.2
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA	0.2	0.2	0.5	-0.6	0.7	-0.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	0.4
Tibia length	0.8	2.3	4.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	-2.1	2.1	-2.1	2.1	-1.4	1.3
Ambulatory time before self-admin	0.1	0.2	0.6	-0.3	0.8	-0.2	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.4	0.2
Ambulatory time after self-admin	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.2	-0.5	0.4	-1.0	1.0	-1.0	1.0	-0.0	-0.5
Bone: tissue strength	0.3	0.3	0.4	-0.6	-0.6	0.3	-0.5	0.5	-0.5	0.5	-0.6	0.6
Total heroin consumption	0.3	0.4	0.7	-0.1	0.4	0.1	-0.9	0.9	-0.9	0.9	0.1	-0.5
Bone: trabecular number	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Bone: trabecular spacing	0.7	1.0	2.2	-0.8	-1.5	0.4	-1.1	1.1	-1.1	1.1	0.9	0.2
Bone: trabecular thickness	0.4	0.5	1.3	0.7	1.1	0.7	-0.6	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-1.0	0.3
Bone: trabecular tissue density	0.5	0.8	1.8	1.2	-0.4	-1.4	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8	1.1	-0.4
Water consumed over 24 hours	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.6	-0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.6	0.6
Number of responses in last shaping day	3.6	3.9	7.0	-0.7	0.2	-2.7	2.5	-2.5	2.5	-2.5	0.6	1.6