Ccny

Models

All models for this gene with cis-heritability P-value <0.01 were tested and are shown here. In each tissue, a gene can have zero, one, or multiple RNA phenotypes for each RNA modality. After the heritability statistics, subsequent columns show cross-validation performance (R2 and P-value) of each modeling method. The best-performing method for each models is used for TWAS.

# Tissue Modality RNA phenotype h2 h2 SE h2 P xQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 LASSO R2 xQTL P BLUP P ENET P LASSO P
1 pVTA gene expression Ccny 0.12 0.08 5.9e-04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 6.2e-03 4.3e-03 4.2e-03 1.4e-02
2 Adipose mRNA stability Ccny 0.02 0.02 9.2e-03 0 0.01 0 0.01 8.1e-02 2.6e-02 9.2e-02 4.2e-02
3 PL gene expression Ccny 0.08 0.07 2.2e-05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 6.4e-06 2.9e-05 9.0e-06 2.6e-05
4 NAcc gene expression Ccny 0.11 0.07 4.9e-06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 8.3e-06 9.2e-06 7.1e-06 3.2e-06

Trait associations

The numbered columns correspond to the numbered models in the table above. They contain the TWAS Z-score for each trait-model pair. Colors indicate strength of Z-scores: cells with lower negative Z-scores are darker blue, cells with higher positive Z-scores are darker red. Significant associations have white and bolded text.

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4
Bone: apparent density0.71.35.22.3-0.10.2-0.3
Area under the delay curve4.06.124.24.9-0.30.4-0.4
BMI with tail0.51.86.4-2.50.5-0.60.3
BMI without tail4.925.9100.110.0-1.11.2-1.0
Body weight1.35.68.61.4-2.92.6-2.2
Weight adjusted by age20.359.4234.415.3-0.81.4-0.9
Bone surface1.73.34.80.9-1.92.0-2.2
Bone volume1.42.73.21.8-1.51.6-1.6
Breakpoint value in progressive ratio session3.76.726.3-5.10.2-0.50.3
Number of licking bursts0.82.59.73.10.2-0.20.3
Context. condit. distance diff. score2.02.46.8-2.61.1-1.10.8
Locomotion velocity, session 11.82.16.5-2.51.0-0.80.4
Locomotion distance, session 15.06.312.63.52.1-2.02.1
Locomotion velocity, session 20.10.10.20.10.20.1-0.5
Locomotion distance, session 25.78.027.05.21.4-1.31.3
Locomotion velocity, session 30.30.30.60.50.8-0.60.1
Locomotion distance, session 30.60.62.3-1.50.2-0.1-0.4
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 31.62.02.80.5-1.71.6-1.4
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 31.72.12.6-1.6-1.41.4-1.4
Locomotion velocity, session 71.11.23.92.00.6-0.60.6
Locomotion distance, session 70.81.01.40.21.2-1.21.0
Stereotopy head waving bouts, day 71.31.52.30.4-1.31.4-1.5
Stereotopy head waving duration, day 71.11.41.90.8-1.21.3-1.4
Locomotion velocity, session 82.12.69.4-3.10.7-0.50.0
Locomotion distance, session 81.82.62.81.71.7-1.61.5
Degree of sensitization distance1.41.54.02.00.7-0.81.0
Degree of sensitization stereotypy1.31.42.10.5-1.31.3-1.4
Conditioned locomotion3.74.417.5-4.2-0.10.00.1
Cocaine response after cond. corrected3.65.420.7-4.60.5-0.50.4
Cocaine response after cond. not corrected1.31.87.3-2.7-0.10.1-0.1
Cocaine response before conditioning5.06.021.24.6-1.11.1-0.8
Saline control response0.70.91.01.0-1.01.0-0.8
Bone: connectivity density0.30.51.01.0-0.40.5-0.8
Bone: cortical apparent density1.32.07.92.8-0.30.20.2
Bone: cortical area0.00.10.10.30.3-0.20.2
Bone: cortical porosity2.62.85.1-2.3-1.41.4-1.5
Bone: cortical porosity2.02.24.4-2.1-1.31.2-1.2
Bone: cortical thickness0.40.60.9-0.01.0-0.90.8
Bone: cortical thickness0.10.10.20.5-0.00.1-0.3
Bone: cortical tissue density1.42.28.62.9-0.40.30.1
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses4.24.813.53.7-1.21.3-1.6
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio0.50.51.0-0.3-0.80.7-1.0
Condit. Reinf. active responses5.87.417.24.1-1.92.1-2.2
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses1.11.42.00.5-1.31.4-1.3
Incentive salience index mean4.86.216.64.1-1.61.6-1.7
Condit. Reinf. lever presses1.92.96.62.6-1.41.3-1.1
Condit. Reinf. active minus inactive responses0.91.32.2-1.0-0.91.1-1.5
Condit. Reinf. active-inactive response ratio1.01.65.0-2.2-0.40.6-1.1
Condit. Reinf. active responses1.62.23.30.8-1.51.7-1.8
Condit. Reinf. inactive responses2.43.58.73.0-1.41.4-1.2
Condit. Reinf. lever presses1.31.96.42.50.8-0.60.4
Condit. Reinf. lever reinforcers received0.91.31.90.5-1.11.3-1.4
Conditioned reinforcement - actives3.514.154.6-7.4-0.70.8-0.7
Conditioned reinforcement - inactives4.712.950.6-7.10.5-0.90.1
Conditioned locomotion31.146.2180.9-13.40.9-1.31.2
Patch foraging indifference point 0 sec0.30.81.50.60.8-0.91.2
Patch foraging indifference point AUC18.243.4173.113.2-0.30.5-0.5
Delay disc. indifference point, 0s delay1.61.97.02.6-0.40.5-0.3
Delay disc. indifference point, 16s delay18.125.6100.610.0-0.51.0-0.7
Delay disc. indifference point, 2s delay1.82.07.92.80.3-0.0-0.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 24s delay16.626.5105.810.3-0.20.4-0.3
Delay disc. indifference point, 4s delay17.718.875.1-8.70.1-0.10.2
Delay disc. indifference point, 8s delay0.40.71.61.3-0.70.5-0.8
Indifference point function ln k17.653.3211.1-14.50.8-1.00.6
Indifference point function log k17.653.3211.1-14.50.8-1.00.6
Patch foraging total patch changes 0 sec0.30.91.80.10.9-1.01.3
Patch foraging total patch changes 12 sec39.252.5209.614.50.4-0.20.5
Patch foraging total patch changes 18 sec2.04.717.44.20.5-0.60.9
Patch foraging total patch changes 24 sec5.017.168.38.3-0.10.30.1
Patch foraging total patch changes 6 sec16.628.0110.210.50.8-0.60.9
Patch foraging time to switch 0 sec0.41.42.20.7-1.41.5-1.0
Patch foraging water rate 0 sec0.10.20.3-0.30.5-0.60.4
Patch foraging water rate 12 sec12.249.1194.413.90.9-0.60.9
Patch foraging water rate 18 sec1.73.713.8-3.7-0.60.4-0.8
Patch foraging water rate 24 sec6.38.932.0-5.70.9-1.11.3
Patch foraging water rate 6 sec25.737.9151.1-12.30.2-0.50.3
Seeking ratio, delayed vs. immediate footshock6.49.132.3-5.7-0.91.1-1.5
Distance traveled before self-admin16.235.3139.111.8-0.41.1-0.9
Distance traveled after self-admin29.652.1207.914.40.40.50.2
Extensor digitorum longus weight0.51.92.41.1-1.41.4-1.6
Bone: elastic displacement0.30.31.21.1-0.0-0.10.3
Bone: elastic work1.21.63.0-1.71.1-1.10.9
Bone: endosteal estimation0.92.12.80.6-1.71.7-1.6
Bone: endosteal perimeter0.51.32.01.4-1.11.1-1.0
Epididymis fat weight16.483.0316.317.8-2.62.4-1.8
Delta time in closed arm before/after self-admin198.9186.7740.627.2-0.91.5-1.8
Delta time in open arm before/after self-admin18.922.385.0-9.21.0-1.31.3
Diff in mean of infusions in LGA sessions0.81.53.2-1.80.9-0.51.2
Delay discount exponential model param1.31.87.0-2.70.3-0.30.3
Extinction: sum of active levers before priming44.567.5267.916.4-0.61.0-0.9
Active lever presses in extinction session 657.257.5230.015.20.10.30.1
Bone: final force1.62.63.71.91.5-1.51.4
Bone: final moment1.42.24.22.01.3-1.21.2
Food consumed during 24 hour testing period4.69.223.94.92.2-2.11.9
Glucose0.10.20.4-0.20.5-0.40.6
Heart weight4.97.830.35.50.9-0.40.2
Delay discount hyperbolic model param0.20.31.0-1.00.1-0.20.3
Intermittent access intake day 1-15 change1.810.139.96.30.6-0.30.3
Intermittent access intake escalation0.31.55.32.30.6-0.30.3
Intermittent access intake escalation 226.444.4177.3-13.30.3-0.30.3
Intermitt. access day 1 inactive lever presses0.89.918.14.32.6-2.82.6
Intermitt. access day 15 inactive lever presses0.31.95.52.30.9-0.90.6
Intermitt. access escalation Index1.95.923.4-4.80.0-0.10.4
Intermittent access day 1 total infusions1.13.413.3-3.60.00.0-0.4
Intermittent access day 15 total infusions2.46.023.64.90.40.0-0.3
Intermittent access terminal intake (last 3 days)1.32.28.02.8-0.30.4-0.8
Intermittent access total infusions4.04.718.6-4.30.00.1-0.5
Intermittent access day 1 locomotion9.217.065.18.11.2-1.00.6
Intermittent access day 15 total locomotion14.857.2227.415.10.9-0.60.2
Intermittent access total locomotion1.61.94.82.21.2-1.00.6
Intermittent access standard deviation13.168.5272.3-16.50.5-0.90.9
Left kidney weight0.76.018.8-4.3-1.41.1-1.4
Right kidney weight4.128.8112.8-10.6-1.00.7-1.0
Cocaine induced anxiety4.813.051.6-7.2-0.5-0.1-0.3
Post-drug Anxiety1.21.42.7-0.7-1.71.0-1.1
Baseline Anxiety17.028.5113.310.6-0.50.5-0.2
Tail length5.931.682.99.1-4.14.0-3.3
Length with tail3.616.124.01.9-4.94.7-3.8
Length without tail5.830.4109.1-10.4-2.42.0-1.7
Times rat made contact with spout0.20.20.6-0.80.3-0.20.2
Lifetime Intake11.213.955.5-7.4-0.00.1-0.5
Liver weight, left4.67.928.7-5.4-1.01.0-0.8
Liver weight, right1.73.011.9-3.50.1-0.00.1
Locomotor activity14.823.290.29.51.0-0.90.9
Locomotor testing distance27.166.6266.116.30.5-0.20.3
Locomotor testing rearing0.00.00.1-0.10.2-0.10.1
Locomotion in novel chamber5.27.027.7-5.30.6-0.20.1
Locomotion in novel chamber post-restriction1.75.320.9-4.60.4-0.2-0.2
Fecal boli incidents, locomotor time 12.15.622.0-4.70.2-0.1-0.4
Change in fecal boli incidents, locomotor task40.743.2170.813.10.8-0.51.0
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 113.817.268.68.3-0.00.1-0.2
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 124.732.0121.9-11.0-1.71.2-1.3
Total resting periods, locomotor time 118.821.781.7-9.0-1.51.1-1.2
Rest time, locomotor task time 14.36.924.54.9-1.01.0-1.1
Distance moved, locomotor task time 15.315.056.6-7.51.1-0.91.2
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 10.00.20.3-0.50.6-0.40.4
Time >=10cm from walls, locomotor time 21.54.412.93.61.1-1.41.2
Bouts of movement, locomotor time 28.829.1103.1-10.2-2.41.8-2.0
Total resting periods, locomotor time 26.626.893.7-9.7-2.51.9-2.0
Rest time, locomotor task time 26.711.339.26.3-1.41.6-1.2
Distance moved, locomotor task time 242.155.9220.2-14.80.9-1.21.1
Vertical activity count, locomotor time 215.636.4144.9-12.00.3-0.7-0.0
Light reinforcement 124.2109.7435.9-20.90.6-1.21.1
Light reinforcement 235.880.8321.5-17.90.7-1.00.4
Bone: marrow area0.92.33.00.8-1.71.7-1.6
Bone: maximum diameter0.51.11.30.8-1.11.1-1.2
Bone: maximum force0.61.21.80.31.3-1.31.1
Bone: maximum moment0.40.81.20.41.1-1.10.9
Mean time between licks in bursts0.95.314.33.8-1.61.5-1.5
Mean num. licks in bursts1.23.312.9-3.6-0.20.2-0.3
Cd content in liver2.32.63.90.41.8-1.82.0
Co content in liver1.41.62.20.11.4-1.51.5
Cu content in liver1.41.72.11.0-1.51.4-1.3
Fe content in liver2.22.73.70.8-1.91.9-1.7
K content in liver1.91.92.11.4-1.51.4-1.2
Mg content in liver2.32.53.20.9-1.81.8-1.7
Mn content in liver2.93.34.70.1-2.02.1-2.2
Na content in liver0.40.41.61.3-0.10.10.1
Rb content in liver0.30.40.5-0.1-0.70.7-0.7
Se content in liver3.13.74.90.8-2.22.2-2.1
Sr content in liver0.10.10.3-0.50.2-0.1-0.0
Zn content in liver0.60.70.90.6-0.90.9-0.8
Bone: minimum diameter0.10.10.60.8-0.10.10.1
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 11.01.11.6-0.3-1.11.3-1.2
Time in novel zone, hab. session 11.21.41.8-1.31.1-1.21.1
Total zone transitions, hab. session 12.94.04.62.12.0-2.01.9
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 12.94.216.64.1-0.0-0.00.2
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 12.94.116.54.1-0.10.00.2
Time in familiar zone, hab. session 20.40.50.8-0.30.9-0.80.7
Time in novel zone, hab. session 20.10.10.40.6-0.10.1-0.2
Total zone transitions, hab. session 22.43.15.22.31.5-1.51.6
Total locomotion distance, hab. session 22.12.79.23.0-0.90.8-0.5
Locomotion velocity, hab. session 23.04.013.83.7-1.00.9-0.6
Novel to familiar place preference ratio2.93.814.33.80.4-0.40.7
Novelty place preference2.02.59.63.10.3-0.30.6
Time in novel zone, NPP test1.41.76.62.60.2-0.30.5
Total zone transitions, NPP test1.11.65.22.30.6-0.60.7
Total locomotion distance, NPP test5.47.527.45.2-1.11.0-0.7
Locomotion velocity, NPP test5.98.431.85.6-0.90.8-0.5
Intraocular pressure0.71.22.70.41.0-0.91.7
Delta distance traveled before/after self-admin38.942.8166.0-12.91.2-1.21.5
Delta ambulatory time before/after self-admin18.331.6120.9-11.01.2-1.11.7
Parametrial fat weight2.35.518.44.3-1.31.0-1.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency1.82.23.00.41.7-1.71.7
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency3.34.310.33.2-1.71.6-1.2
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts4.34.78.32.9-2.01.9-1.6
Pavlov. Cond. index score1.51.92.31.2-1.51.4-1.3
Pavlov. Cond. latency score2.02.52.91.5-1.71.6-1.5
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts1.41.62.3-0.4-1.51.5-1.4
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number3.54.413.8-3.71.3-1.20.8
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.10.10.20.50.5-0.20.0
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.1.41.72.01.4-1.41.3-1.1
Pavlov. Cond. response bias1.72.13.21.8-1.51.4-1.1
Pavlov. Cond. lever latency1.11.54.1-2.0-1.00.8-0.5
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry latency2.53.613.43.70.5-0.50.6
Pavlov. Cond. change in total contacts0.10.20.30.60.4-0.40.5
Pavlov. Cond. index score2.23.513.73.70.4-0.30.2
Pavlov. Cond. latency score2.23.614.13.80.4-0.20.2
Pavlov. Cond. lever contacts0.81.21.81.11.3-1.20.8
Pavlov. Cond. magazine entry number0.20.30.4-0.5-0.50.5-0.7
Pavlov. Cond. intertrial magazine entries0.61.44.9-2.2-0.30.3-0.8
Pavlov. Cond. lever-magazine prob. diff.1.52.28.83.00.3-0.20.2
Pavlov. Cond. response bias2.02.76.32.51.4-1.31.0
Time in closed arm before self-admin13.222.982.4-9.11.6-1.42.1
Time in closed arm after self-admin82.994.1375.219.4-0.01.1-0.1
Time in open arm before self-admin36.244.1174.413.2-0.70.9-1.0
Time in open arm after self-admin17.719.577.1-8.80.2-0.90.1
Bone: periosteal estimation0.51.31.70.5-1.21.3-1.3
Bone: periosteal perimeter0.20.40.50.2-0.70.7-0.7
Bone: post-yield work0.00.10.30.50.2-0.1-0.0
Progressive ratio test 1 active lever presses15.026.4105.4-10.3-0.10.1-0.5
Progressive ratio test 1 breakpoint14.024.096.0-9.8-0.00.0-0.4
Progressive ratio test 1 inactive lever presses3.59.132.7-5.71.1-1.40.8
Progressive ratio test 2 active lever presses11.916.862.9-7.9-1.20.9-1.4
Progressive ratio test 2 breakpoint16.721.482.0-9.1-1.10.8-1.3
Progressive ratio test 2 inactive lever presses4.213.453.7-7.30.0-0.3-0.1
Incentive Sensitization - Responses4.412.243.6-6.6-1.51.1-1.2
Incentive Sensitization - Breakpoint5.011.340.9-6.4-1.41.0-1.2
Sum of active levers in priming session hrs 5-61.31.21.91.20.9-1.40.9
Progressive ratio13.940.9162.4-12.70.6-0.80.3
Food seeking constrained by brief footshock1.92.44.1-1.5-2.01.4-1.1
Seeking ratio, punishment vs. effort4.710.535.56.0-1.81.5-0.9
Retroperitoneal fat weight0.31.52.81.3-1.71.0-0.7
Reaction time number correct7.727.1107.2-10.40.5-0.80.6
Reaction time mean minus median0.74.617.9-4.2-0.50.30.4
Reaction time mean minus median AUC0.10.51.31.1-0.60.5-0.1
Reaction time num false alarms10.718.266.3-8.11.5-1.61.3
Reaction time num false alarms AUC9.221.279.1-8.91.3-1.51.3
Reaction time trials correct on left7.727.1107.2-10.40.5-0.80.6
Reaction time trials on left10.134.2135.5-11.60.5-0.80.6
Reaction time mean1.83.99.6-3.11.1-1.41.7
Reaction time mean AUC2.15.017.0-4.10.6-1.01.3
Median of all reaction times2.03.13.5-1.81.5-1.81.9
Reaction time omissions0.81.34.2-2.0-0.80.4-0.5
Reaction time false alarm rate0.81.12.7-1.60.8-0.80.7
Reaction time premature initiation rate2.84.313.33.7-1.31.3-0.8
Reaction time premature initiations1.54.617.3-4.2-0.80.6-0.4
Std. dev. reaction times0.62.06.3-2.50.2-0.51.1
Reaction time trials completed10.134.2135.5-11.60.5-0.80.6
Reaction time trials AUC10.636.9145.9-12.10.6-0.90.7
Run reversals in cocaine runway, females7.48.325.15.0-1.71.6-1.6
Run reversals in cocaine runway, males5.76.325.1-5.00.1-0.30.3
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway14.920.581.6-9.0-0.0-0.5-0.4
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, F0.10.10.30.4-0.3-0.1-0.5
Latency to leave start box in cocaine runway, M53.050.6200.8-14.20.6-1.00.2
Std. dev. time between licks in bursts0.51.01.6-0.6-1.31.1-1.0
Total sessions with >9 infusions22.828.3112.8-10.60.5-0.40.2
Short access day 1 total inactive lever presses5.010.029.65.41.9-2.01.6
Short access day 10 total inactive lever presses27.1186.6739.0-27.20.9-1.81.9
Short access day 1 total infusions63.2125.1500.3-22.4-0.20.0-0.2
Short access day 10 total infusions1.82.911.5-3.40.3-0.2-0.1
Short access total infusions26.737.8150.7-12.3-0.30.3-0.5
Short access day 1 locomotion13.722.889.4-9.50.8-0.80.6
Short access day 10 total locomotion2.911.743.2-6.61.0-1.11.2
Short access total locomotion1.62.56.62.61.2-1.10.8
One hour access (0.3 mA shock)12.314.656.8-7.50.6-0.80.7
Compulsive drug intake3.55.113.73.7-1.51.7-1.3
One hour access (shock baseline)2.35.921.34.60.9-1.00.7
Social response proportion0.91.14.4-2.1-0.1-0.0-0.1
Social responses7.710.140.46.4-0.10.2-0.1
Social time2.03.17.5-2.71.5-1.41.0
Soleus weight0.72.17.7-2.80.5-0.50.4
Bone: stiffness0.81.43.61.90.8-0.80.9
Tibialis anterior weight0.10.50.8-0.20.9-0.80.6
Time to tail flick, vehicle, before self-admin132.6163.3648.825.5-0.71.8-0.8
Time to tail flick, vehicle, after self-admin8.016.363.6-8.0-0.50.9-0.6
Time to tail flick, test, before self-admin5.25.920.74.6-1.01.4-0.2
Time to tail flick, test, after self-admin42.544.9169.113.0-1.82.3-1.5
Delta time to tail flick, vehicle, before/after SA91.998.2390.3-19.80.9-1.20.7
Delta time to tail flick, test, before/after SA4.15.119.04.4-0.60.4-1.0
Tibia length1.33.74.31.4-2.02.1-2.1
Ambulatory time before self-admin16.550.2199.714.1-0.10.9-0.5
Ambulatory time after self-admin19.230.7122.211.10.30.60.1
Bone: tissue strength0.91.01.50.21.1-1.11.2
Total heroin consumption33.439.3156.412.50.6-0.20.6
Bone: trabecular number0.00.00.10.30.00.1-0.2
Bone: trabecular spacing0.10.20.50.70.2-0.30.5
Bone: trabecular thickness1.21.65.32.3-0.70.7-0.6
Bone: trabecular tissue density4.88.432.4-5.70.3-0.60.8
Water consumed over 24 hours3.67.025.95.10.9-0.90.9
Number of responses in last shaping day31.340.5161.412.70.7-0.20.1